Vocabulary

Question 1

What is statistics?

Answer 1

The study of variability

Question 2

What is variability?

Answer 2

How things are different between one member of the population to another.

Question 3

What are 2 branches of AP STATS?

Answer 3

Inferential and descriptive

Question 4

What are descriptive stats?

Answer 4

Describe the data that is collected. Pictures, summaries, mean median range etc

Question 5

What are inferential stats?

Answer 5

While looking at the data, make connections to the bigger picture. (Small sample of soup represents the taste of the whole pot)

Question 6

Compare descriptive and inferential stats

Answer 6

Descriptive: Explains and shows the data collected. Inferential: uses conclusions from the data to talk about the entire population

Question 7

What is data?

Answer 7

Any collected information (typically from a study)

Question 8

What is a population?

Answer 8

The group that is the focus of the study and is directly related to data collection.

Question 9

What is a sample?

Answer 9

A subset of a population, taken in order to make inferences about the population. We take statistics from samples.

Question 10

Compare population to sample

Answer 10

Populations are like a bundle of grapes while samples are only one grape each.

Question 11

Compare data to statistics

Answer 11

Data is the small increments of information that is collected while statistics are summaries of the data written in a specific form

Question 12

Compare data to parameters

Answer 12

Data is the small increments of information that is collected while parameter helps define how the data is categorized numerically.

Question 13

What is a parameter?

Answer 13

A numerical summary of a population. Mean, median, range etc of a population.

Question 14

What is a statistic?

Answer 14

A numerical summary of a sample. Mean, median, range, etc of a sample.

Question 15

Dunkin donuts average wait time.

Answer 15

The parameter is the true average wait time at DD. This is a number you dont know. The statistic is 3.2 minutes, which is the average of the data you collected. The parameter of interest is the average wait time for all cars. The data is the wait time for each individual participant of the study.

Question 16

Compare data-statistic-parameter using categorical example

Answer 16

Data are individual measures. Stats and parameters are summaries.

Question 17

Compare data-statistic-parameter using quantitative example

Answer 17

Data are individual measures (how many seconds someone can hold their breath). 64, 80, 31. Stats and parameters are summaries. The avg time was 52sec.

Question 18

What is a census?

Answer 18

A sample of an entire population, aiming to get a response from everyone.

Question 19

Does a census make sense?

Answer 19

It is near impossible to take a census of a large population, but is more manageable when done with a small population size (Population of USA vs Math classP)

Question 20

Whats the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Answer 20

Both are a single number summarizing a group of much larger numbers.

Question 21

Taking a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the numbers of pickles. One of them had 9, the number nine from that burger would be called

Answer 21

A datum, or data value

Question 22

Taking a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the numbers of pickles. The average number of pickles was 9.5, the number 9.5 is considered a

Answer 22

Statistic

Question 23

Taking a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the numbers of pickles. You do this because you want to know the true average number of pickles on a burger, the true average is considered a

Answer 23

Parameter of interest

Question 24

What is the difference between a sample and a census?

Answer 24

With a sample, data is collected from a small section of the population. A census attempts to gather data from the entire population.

Question 25

Use the following words in a sentence

Answer 25

With a sample, you get information from a small part of the population. In a census, you get info from the whole population. You can get a parameter from a census but only a statistic from a sample.

Question 26

If you are tasting soup, then the flavor of each individual thing in the spoon is _ , the entire spoon is a _. The flavor of all of that together is like the _ and you use that to _ about the flavor of the entire pot of soup which is _

Answer 26

If you are tasting soup, then the flavor of each individual thing in the spoon is data , the entire spoon is a sample. The flavor of all of that together is like the statistic and you use that to make an inference about the flavor of the entire pot of soup which is parameter

Question 27

What are random variables?

Answer 27

If you randomly choose people from a list, their hair color, height, weight, etc can all be considered random variables

Question 28

Whats the difference between categorical and quantitative variables?

Answer 28

Quantitative=Related to numbers. Categorical=categories, qualitative

Question 29

Whats the difference between categorical and quantitative data?

Answer 29

Gathered measurements that are represented by numbers = quantitative. By words=categorical

Question 30

Whats the difference between discrete and continuous variables?

Answer 30

Discrete can be counted (integers), while continuous could have decimal places.

Question 31

What is a quantitative variable?

Answer 31

Related to numbers. Height, weight, age, etc

Question 32

What is a categorical variable?

Answer 32

Hair color, eye color, etc

Question 33

What is another word for categorical variable

Answer 33

Qualitative variable

Question 34

What is quantitative data?

Answer 34

Actual numbers gathered from each subject

Question 35

What is categorical data?

Answer 35

The individual category from a subject

Question 36

What is a random sample?

Answer 36

Rolling dice, choosing names from a hat. Using chance to generate a sample

Question 37

What is frequency?

Answer 37

How often something occurs

Question 38

Data or datum?

Answer 38

Datum=Singular | Data=Plural

Question 39

What is frequency distribution?

Answer 39

A table or chart that shows how often certain categories occur in a data set

Question 40

What is meant by relative frequency?

Answer 40

The percent of time something happens. (frequency/total)

Question 41

How do you find relative frequency?

Answer 41

Frequency divided by total

Question 42

What is meant by cumulative frequency?

Answer 42

Add up frequencies as you go.

Question 43

Make a guess as to what relative cumulative frequency is

Answer 43

It is the added up percentages that equals 100m percent at the end of the sample

Question 44

What is the difference between a bar chart and histogram?

Answer 44

Bars=Categorical data, bars dont touch | Histo=Quantitative data, bars touch

Question 45

What is the mean?

Answer 45

The average we use to calculate. Balancing point on the histogram

Question 46

Whats the difference between a population mean and a sample mean?

Answer 46

Population mean is taken from a population and is a parameter. Sample, from a sample, is a statistic

Question 47

What symbols do we use for population mean and sample mean?

Answer 47

Mu for population mean (parameter), x-bar for sample mean (statistic)

Question 48

How can you think of the mean and median to remember the difference when looking at a histogram?

Answer 48

Mean is balancing point, median splits the graph in half

Question 49

What is the median?

Answer 49

The middle most number (n+1/2)

Question 50

What is the mode?

Answer 50

The most common or the peaks of the histogram.

Question 51

When do we use mode?

Answer 51

With categorical variables

Question 52

Why dont we always use mean?

Answer 52

It is not resilient, and is impacted by skewness and outliers

Question 53

When we say "the average teenager" are we talking about mean median or mode?

Answer 53

It depends on what type of data is being collected.