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AP World History Exam > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Spanish Conquest of Manila

A

Control of the port of Manila ensured direct access to Chinese products, especially silk, and a link to Spanish America and Spain saw both commercial and religious opportunities

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2
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

Period of time from 1450-1750 that was marked by the changing nature of trade and business

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3
Q

Agricultural Diffusion

A

Period of 600-1450 where new foods and commercial crops were introduced or brought back to countries

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4
Q

Development of Pacific Islands

A

Trade networks did not easily develop allowing for only limited contact with other societies, so there was only some cultural diffusion

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5
Q

Gupta Dynasty

A

Founded by Chandra Gupta and this dynasty brought stability and prosperity by not imposing uniform laws

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6
Q

Achaemenid Administration

A

Government relied on a balance between central administration and locally appointed governors and consisted of 23 satrapies

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7
Q

Achaemenid Empire

A

Includes the Medes and the Persians, both people of sizable military power and equestrian skills and was founded by Cyrus and later expanded by his son Darius

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8
Q

Bantu Migrations

A

movement of Africans across the continent of Africa

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9
Q

Vedas

A

means “wisdom” or “knowledge” and is a collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring various Aryan gods

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10
Q

Neolithic Era- Culture

A

Village life encouraged the development of specialized labor- everyone was no longer dedicated to food production

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11
Q

Paleolithic Era- Society

A

Social groups: families grew into clans; clans mixed with neighboring groups to form tribes with sophisticated organization, including chiefs, leaders, and religious figures

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12
Q

Neolithic Era- Origins

A

Called New Stone Age, the origins of agricultural society

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13
Q

Paleolithic Era- Economy

A

Called Old Stone Age where humans were nomadic hunters and gatherers

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14
Q

Frankish Empire

A

Society based on agriculture in northern region of Europe (France, Germany, and Low Countries) and oversaw the development of decentralized political institutions in those areas

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15
Q

Justinian’s Code

A

A codified Roman law that keeps the legal principles of ancient Rome and was published “Corpus iuris civilis”

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16
Q

Germanic Invasions

A

ended imperial Roman power in western Europe and led to decentralized rule and to the establishment of the feudal system

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17
Q

Hellenistic Philosophies (1)

A

individual needs could be met through reflection and also pleasure is greatest good

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18
Q

Hellenistic Philosophies (2)

A

Skeptics taught that people should abandon their search for certain answers and find an inner peace; Stoics believed human beings were part of a universal family

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19
Q

Education and Religion in the European Middle Ages

A

Basic education was occasionally provided to the elite and their children in schools by monasteries or political leaders who brought scholars to their courts

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20
Q

Hanseatic League (Hansa)

A

trade network that developed in the Baltic and North Sea; encompassed the commercial centers of Poland, northern Germany, and Scandinavia

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21
Q

Decline of Carolingian Empire

A

When Louis the Pious died, the successor of Charlemagne, Louis’s three sons each got an equal portion of the new dissolved empire via the Treaty of Verdun

22
Q

Carolingian Empire

A

empire in which Charlemagne established a new group of imperial officials in an effort to increase control of central government

23
Q

Development in Oceania

A

aboriginal peoples of Australia, isolated from other societies, created trade and exchanged networks with other hunting and gathering societies as far away as 1,000 miles

24
Q

Medieval Colonization

A

once regional states emerged to protect Europe, Vikings looked to colonize elsewhere

25
Q

Songhay Empire

A

an Islamic empire established in the 1400s and lasting until the 1600s

26
Q

Repartimiento System (mita system in Peru)

A

system that forced native Indians to work several months a year, generally on Spanish-owned plantations, mines, or public works projects

27
Q

Haciendas

A

large agricultural estates in colonial Latin America

28
Q

Liberalism in Europe

A

A political ideology asserting that individuals possess certain rights such as liberty and equality and that the purpose of government is to protect these rights

29
Q

Conservatism in Europe

A

A political philosophy that sought to return things to the way they were prior to the political revolutions that spread across Europe in the 19th Century and to maintain traditional ways

30
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

A meeting held from 1814 to 1815 in Vienna and attended by representatives of the nations that had defeated Napoléon Bonparte; the goal of this meeting was to restore Europe in the way it was prior to the French Revolution

31
Q

American Revolution: Impact

A

The colonists forced the British to surrender in 1781 and following the end of the war, the newly formed USA emerged as a federal republic with a government based on popular sovereignty

32
Q

American Revolution: Causes

A

the 13 British colonies in North America resented legislation passed by British Parliament levying taxes and infringing on their rights

33
Q

Westernization

A

Occurs as societies are influenced by Western culture and assimilate and/or adopt Western ideas

34
Q

Millet System

A

Legally protected religious communities of non-Muslims that were permitted to maintain their own traditional religious beliefs

35
Q

Single Whip Tax System

A

A policy put forth by the Ming in the 1570s, requiring a single national tax and that all taxes be paid in the form of silver, including those taxes paid by tributary states

36
Q

Ming Economic Growth

A

An increase in commercial activity, as well as an increase in population, led to an overall expansion of the economy

37
Q

Ming Dynasty: Social and Cultural Changes

A

Revival of the civil service exams encouraged the creation of an extensive scholar-bureaucrat class and the restoration of Confucian traditions encouraged the subordination of women

38
Q

Matteo Ricci

A

A Jesuit scholar from Europe who journeyed to the Ming Court in hopes of missionaries winning the approval of the Chinese emperors

39
Q

Deism

A

A belief system that recognizes that a powerful god played a role in the creation of the universe but asserts that God simply oversees the world and allows it to function on the basis of natural laws

40
Q

King Henry VIII of England

A

King who established the Church of England, thus voiding the pope’s authority in the country

41
Q

Mohandas Gandhi: Indian Nationalist

A

Popular leader among the ordinary citizens of India, and the support of an extensive segment of the population made the Non-Cooperation and the Civil Disobedience movements largely successful

42
Q

Mohandas Gandhi: Early Years

A

Attended law school in London, adopted the practice of nonviolence (ahimsa) and passive resistance (sataygraha) in South America, and found the Indian National Congress in India

43
Q

Indian National Congress (INC): In Action

A

Partnered with the Muslim League to lead a mass movement to gain self-rule from Great Britain for the Indian subcontinent

44
Q

Age of Anxiety

A

Period after WWI when doubt was cast upon previously existing ways of life and feelings of uncertainty were reflected in science, art, architecture, and psychology

45
Q

Mexican Revolution: Causes

A

Discontent after decades of social reform led Mexicans to demand change

46
Q

Mexican Revolution: Results

A

In 1917 Mexico adopted a new constitution that established land reform and granted rights to workers and women; education and healthcare were improved; universal suffrage was granted; mexican nationalism encouraged the government to take control of industry and discouraged foreign-owned businesses

47
Q

Armenian Genocide

A

Massive and deliberate killing of Armenian civilians by the Ottoman Turks

48
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

In 1905 a peaceful demonstration at the Russian czar’s winter palace in St. Petersburg turned violent when the czar’s guards opened fire on the unarmed crowd who wanted to present a petition to Czar Nicholas II asking for a representative assembly

49
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Articulated in 1823 as part of US foreign policy, it sought to limit European interference in the Americas

50
Q

Self-Strengthening Movement

A

Following the signing of unequal treaties and a number of internal rebellions in the 19th century, the Qing enacted a series of reforms that focused on the introduction of Western technology in the hopes of modernizing the nation

AP World History Exam (1 decks)

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