Vocabulary

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

neurological impairment of communication

Impaired speech and writing, impaired comprehension of words, or combination of both

Note: a client with receptive aphasia may speak full sentences, but the words do not make sense. The nurse should speak clearly, ask simple “yes” or “no” questions, and use gestures and pictures to increase understanding.

Question 2

Apraxia

Answer 2

Loss of the ability to perform a learned movement due to neurological impairment.

ex. whistling, clapping, dressing

Question 3

Dysarthria

Answer 3

Weakness of the muscles used for speech.

Pronunciation and articulation are affected.

Comprehension and the meaning of words are intact, but speech is difficult to understand (eg, mumble, lisp).

Question 4

Dysphagia

Answer 4

difficulty swallowing

Clients with motor deficits after a stroke may have dysphagia, which requires swallowing precautions to prevent aspiration.

Question 5

Decorticate

Answer 5

Flexion

flexion of arms to chest, clenched fists, and extended legs

damage to corticospinal tract = pathway between brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Decerebrate

Answer 6

Extension

rigid extension of arms and legs, downward pointing toes

deterioration of structures of nervous system, upper brain stem

Question 7

Concussion

Answer 7

loss of neurological function with no structural damage

Question 8

Contusion

Answer 8

brain is damaged

Question 9

Diffuse axonal injury

Answer 9

brain damage due to shearing and rotational forces

• car accident
• fall
• sports accident

Question 10

Otorrhea

Answer 10

inflammation and discharge from ears

Question 11

Rhinorrhea

Answer 11

thin watery discharge from nose

Question 12

Ecchymosis

Answer 12

bleeding under skin = bruise

Question 13

Epidural hematoma

Answer 13

bleeding into space between skull and dura

Question 14

Subdural hematoma

Answer 14

bleeding below dura

Question 15

Cushing’s triad

Answer 15

1) Hypertension with widening pulse pressure
2) Bradycardia
3) Irregular breathing

Question 16

Osmotic diuretics

1) use
2) pharm

Answer 16

Neuro

Mannitol

Question 17

Loop diuretics

1) use
2) pharm

Answer 17

FVO

Furosemide

Question 18

Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 18

severe

Question 19

Status epilepticus

Answer 19

life-threatening condition

series of generalized seizures without full recovery of consciousness between

Question 20

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 20

sudden temporary episode of neurological dysfunction

may be warning sign for impending stroke

Question 21

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 21

Stroke

Question 22

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 22

life-threatening

Sudden, severe, hypertension triggered by noxious stimuli below damage of cord.

May be caused by impaction, bladder distension, pressure points, ulcers, or pain.

Characteristic manifestations include acute onset of throbbing headache, nausea, and blurred vision; hypertension and bradycardia; and diaphoresis and skin flushing above the level of the injury

Question 23

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 23

autoimmune disorder

antibodies, produced by thymus gland, damage acetylcholine receptor sites causing impaired transmission at myoneural junction.

Muscle weakness increases with activity, improves with rest

Question 24

Ptosis

Answer 24

drooping of an organ

Question 25

Dysphonia

Answer 25

difficulty speaking

Question 26

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 26

autoimmune disease rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system

Question 27

Beneficence

Answer 27

Ethical principle of doing good  Involves helping to meet the client's (including the family) emotional needs through understanding.  This can involve withholding information at times.

Question 28

Prioritization strategy | 3

Answer 28

1) ABCs plus V – airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs 2) Mental status changes, acute pain, unresolved medical issues, acute elimination problems, abnormal laboratory values, and risk 3) Longer-term issues such as health education, rest, and coping

Question 29

Intermittent claudication

Answer 29

sharp calf pain

Question 30

6 - Ps of Compartment Syndrome

Answer 30

1) Pain 2) Parasthesia 3) Pulses 4) Pallor 5) Paralysis 6) Polar (cold)

Question 31

Ataxia

Answer 31

loss of balance

Question 32

Stenosis

Answer 32

constriction or narrowing

Question 33

Syncope

Answer 33

Partial or complete loss of consciousness | i.e. fainting

Question 34

Autonomy

Answer 34

right to make one's own decisions

Question 35

Fidelity

Answer 35

obligation to be faithful to agreements and responsibilities, to keep promises

Question 36

Justice

Answer 36

obligation to be fair to all people

Question 37

Nonmaleficence

Answer 37

obligation not to harm others

Question 38

Paternalism

Answer 38

assuming the right to make decisions for another

Question 39

Veracity

Answer 39

obligation to tell the truth

Question 40

Isotonic crystalloid solutions (0.9% NaCl, lactated Ringer)

Answer 40

Fluid infused into extracellular vascular compartment

Question 41

Hypotonic crystalloid solutions (2.5% dextrose & water, 0.45% NaCl)

Answer 41

Fluid infused into extracellular vascular compartment Body fluids shift out of intravascular compartments into interstitial tissue and cells

Question 42

Hypertonic solutions | dextrose 5% & 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose & lactated Ringer

Answer 42

Fluid infused into vascular compartment Body fluids shift from intracellular compartment into extracellular vascular compartment

Question 43

Asterixis

Answer 43

flapping tremors of the hands

Question 44

RN Responsibility | -pain assessment (PQRST)-

Answer 44

``` P - provocation/palliation Q - quality R - region/radiation S - severity T - timing ```

Question 45

Distributive shock 1) definition 2) types (3)

Answer 45

1) shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flow | 2) Septic, Anaphylactic, Hypovolemic

Question 46

Excoriation

Answer 46

broken skin

Question 47

Cardiac tamponade (3)

Answer 47

1) Narrowed pulse pressure 2) Jugular venous distension 3) Muffled heart tones

Question 48

Atony

Answer 48

lack of normal muscle tone

Question 49

Pruritus

Answer 49

itching

Question 50

Neurogenic shock

Answer 50

Vascular dilation and blood pooling due to spinal cord injury S/Sx hypotension bradycardia warm, dry extremities w/cold core

Question 51

Trismus

Answer 51

inability to open the mouth due to a tonic contraction of the muscles used for chewing

Question 52

Cholecystectomy

Answer 52

gallbladder removal

Question 53

Steatorrhea

Answer 53

presence of excess fat in feces

Question 54

Septic shock

Answer 54

fatal condition when infection leads to WBC response in the vascular system creating dangerously low blood pressure ``` S/Sx warm skin eventually turning to cold skin fever LOC change low RR ```

Question 55

Refeeding syndrome

Answer 55

potentially fatal complication of nutritional rehabilitation in chronically malnourished clients leading to phosphorous, potassium, and magnesium shifting intracellularly

Question 56

What does coffee ground emesis indicate?

Answer 56

hemorrhage

Question 57

Myelomeningocele

Answer 57

fetus spinal cord exposed and poking out of back

Question 58

Epistaxis

Answer 58

nose bleed

Question 59

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | 5

Answer 59

1) Education about the client's specific disorder 2) Self-observation and monitoring - the client learns how to monitor anxiety, identify triggers, and assess the severity 3) Physical control strategies – deep breathing and muscle relaxation exercises 4) Cognitive restructuring – learning new ways to reframe thinking patterns, challenging negative thoughts 5) Behavioral strategies – focusing on situations that cause anxiety and practicing new coping behaviors, desensitization to anxiety-provoking situations or events

Question 60

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 60

Condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly. Can be harmful to the kidneys.

Question 61

Pyelonephritis

Answer 61

Kidney infection and inflammation Watch for Urosepsis

Question 62

6 QSEN nursing competencies

Answer 62

1) Patient-centered care 2) Teamwork and collaboration 3) EBP 4) Quality Improvement 5) Safety 6) Informatics

Question 63

Diffuse axonal injury

Answer 63

TBI in the cerebral hemispheres - forces disrupt the structure of neurons and nearby blood vessels Typically results from high-speed acceleration, deceleration, or a rotational injury from a motor vehicle crash.

Question 64

Witness informed consent | -purpose (2)-

Answer 64

1) Verify signature is that of client | 2) Confirm client is mentally competent

Question 65

Urticaria

Answer 65

hives

Question 66

Fetal macrosomia

Answer 66

large fetus

Question 67

Complications of O2 therapy in preterm newborns

Answer 67

Visual impairment or blindness due to injury of developing retinal blood vessels

Question 68

Diabetic ketoacidosis trigger

Answer 68

Infection

Question 69

Thyrotoxicosis (Thyroid storm) | -Definition and S/Sx (3)-

Answer 69

life-threatening condition characterized by an increase in thyroid hormone levels that results in a hypermetabolic state 1) fever (including small rises in body temperature) 2) chills 3) tachycardia

Question 70

Polycythemia

Answer 70

abnormally large number of red blood cells in the circulatory system (hemoglobin >22)

Question 71

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 71

deficiency or absence of an enzyme required to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein foods High levels of phenylalanine can cause intellectual disability by interfering with brain growth and development, particularly concerning for developing fetus and infant

Question 72

Teratogenic effects (3)

Answer 72

1) microcephaly 2) mental disability 3) heart defects

Question 73

Foods high in Phenylalanine

Answer 73

high-protein foods meat, dairy, dry beans, nuts, eggs

Question 74

Macrosomia

Answer 74

high birth weight

Question 75

Atopic dermatitis

Answer 75

Eczema

Question 76

Lacrimation

Answer 76

secretion of tears

Question 77

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 77

Amnesia regarding the event of injury (concussion)

Question 78

Pleural effusion

Answer 78

excess collection of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from expanding fully, resulting in decreased lung volume, atelectasis, and ineffective gas exchange

Question 79

Atelectasis

Answer 79

complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when alveoli become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid.

Question 80

Pneumothorax

Answer 80

collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall

Question 81

Myopia

Answer 81

nearsightedness

Question 82

Indirect Coombs test

Answer 82

Rh sensitivity test for pregnant people

Question 83

Oligohydramnios

Answer 83

low amniotic fluid

Question 84

Hypospadias

Answer 84

Condition where urethral opening is on the underside of the penis

Question 85

Priapism

Answer 85

penis remains erect for hours in the absence of stimulation

Question 86

Cystoscope

Answer 86

scope inserted through the urethra to directly visualize the bladder wall and urethra - burning during urination after procedure is common

Question 87

Renal arteriogram

Answer 87

Radiologic test performed to visualize renal blood vessels to detect abnormalities. A contrast medium is injected into the femoral artery.

Question 88

paradoxical chest movement

Answer 88

flail chest Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.

Question 89

Hirsutism

Answer 89

hairy suit