Vocabulary

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A section of DNA in a genome that codes for a protein

Question 2

Protein

Answer 2

A large molecule made up of amino acids

Question 3

Transcription

Answer 3

When RNA polymerase reads the information in a gene (DNA) and converts it into mRNA

Question 4

Translation

Answer 4

When ribosomes read the information in mRNA and converts it into protein

Question 5

Promoter

Answer 5

The part of the gene that binds the RNA polymerase starting transcription

Question 6

Enhancers and silencers

Answer 6

Small stretches of DNA (typically less than 1500 bp) that bind proteins called transcription factors

Question 7

Intron

Answer 7

Stretches of DNA that occur between Exons

Question 8

Exon

Answer 8

Are the parts of the gene that code for proteins

Question 9

Start codon

Answer 9

Is where translation starts

• it is ATG (DNA) or AUG (RNA)
• the first codon on the first Exon
• start codons are transcribed and translated

Question 10

Stop codon

Answer 10

Is where translation stops

• it is either TAA, TAG, and TGA (DNA) or UAA,UAG and UGA (RNA)
• it is the last codon on the last exon
• stop codons are transcribed but not translated

Question 11

Open reading frame

Answer 11

Is all the DNA between the start and stop codon

Question 12

Allele

Answer 12

Different versions of the same gene

Question 13

Genome

Answer 13

Is all the DNA (or genetic material) of an organism

Question 14

Nucleotides

Answer 14

Compounds molecules that make up DNA and RNA

• A: adenine
• T: thymine
• G: guanine
• C: cytosine
• U: uracil (not in dna)

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

A string of nucleotides that contains genetic Information

Question 16

Base pairs

Answer 16

Nucleotides pair up with each other to form base pairs

Question 17

Chromosome

Answer 17

One very long double stranded length of DNA gets wrapped up with proteins to make a single chromosome

Question 18

Histones

Answer 18

DNA gets wrapped up around proteins called histones, which make up nucleosomes.

Question 19

Nucleosomes

Answer 19

Protein complexes made up of 8 host one proteins

Question 20

Chromatin

Answer 20

The combination of DNA and nucleosomes

Question 21

Homology

Answer 21

When species have similar characteristics because they inherited these characteristics from their common ancestor

Question 22

Conserved

Answer 22

The sequence of the gene and the protein it makes are similar across different species

Question 23

Junk DNA

Answer 23

Is DNA sequence that is highly repetitive

- ATARATATATATA

Question 24

Ploidy

Answer 24

How many copies you have of each chromosome

Question 25

Diploid

Answer 25

2 copies of each chromosome

Question 26

Haploid

Answer 26

1 copy of each chromosome

Question 27

Sister chromatids

Answer 27

Identical chromosomes joined at the centromere

Question 28

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 28

are the two copies of a pair of chromosomes

Question 29

Centromere

Answer 29

Is the part of the chromosome where the sister chromatids attach to each other and it is also where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis to move chromosomes around

Question 30

DNA sequencing

Answer 30

A method that lets you find out the sequence of all the nucleotides in a genome

Question 31

CRISPR-Cas9

Answer 31

An amazing new method that allows us to edit the genome of an embryo