Vocabulary

Question 1

are experts in the study of how people lived in the historical past.

Answer 1

Historians

Question 2

Historians study this, or objects made by humans. Some examples of these are clothing, coins, artwork, and grave sites.

Answer 2

Artifacts

Question 3

The study of humans

Answer 3

Anthropology

Question 4

this refers to the way of life of a society, which would include its beliefs, values, and practices.

Answer 4

culture- this refers to the way of life of a society, which would include its beliefs, values, and practices..

Question 5

the study of the past people and cultures through their material remains.

Answer 5

Archaeology

Question 6

these two people started searching for clues to the human past in a deep canyon in Tanzania

Answer 6

Mary and Louis Leakey

Question 7

a canyon in Tanzania.

Answer 7

Olduavi Gorge

Question 8

references to the skills (not a phone) and the tools that the people used to meet their basic needs and wants.

Answer 8

Technology

Question 9

found pieces of a 3 million year old, 4 foot tall skeleton he called “Lucy”

Answer 9

Donald Johanson

Question 10

A skeleton Donald Johanson found. 3 million years old and four feet tall skeleton. Johanson named his historic find after a Beatles’ song. Studying this skeleton, Johanson could see that she was an upright walker who was about 4 feet (1.2 meters) tall.

Answer 10

“Lucy”

Question 11

the earliest hominoids up to 7 million years old

Answer 11

Australopithecines-

Question 12

“handy man”; believed it got the name handy man because they were believed to make tools and were the first hominoids to make their own tools; 2 million years ago; made stone tools for cutting, scraping, and chopping

Answer 12

Homo Habilis

Question 13

“Upright man” (got the name because their skeletons show that they were fully upright walkers) walked fully upright; used fire and hand axes

Answer 13

Homo Erectus-

Question 14

also known as the Neanderthals and early modern humans; out of Africa theory.

Answer 14

Homo Sapiens

Question 15

theory which states that the Homo Sapiens first lived in Africa which then migrated into other areas of the world. Some other scientists believe that the Homo Ecectus developed into Homo Sapiens around the same time throughout the different parts of the world.

Answer 15

Out of Africa-

Question 16

two groups in which the scientists believe Homo Sapiens arose from. They and the early modern humans.

Answer 16

Neanderthals

Question 17

humans depended heavily on their environment for food and shelter. They lived in nomadic bands of 20-30 people. No real traditional family structure. Men hunted and fished. Women and children gathered berries, fruits, nuts, grains, roots, or fish. Equal rights because both are formats of hunting. People learned to travel across water. This helped humans to spread new religions.

Answer 17

Paleolithic Age/Old Stone Age-

Question 18

Paleolithic people were this, or people who move from place to place in search of food.

Answer 18

Nomads

Question 19

probably believed in a world full of spirits and forces residing in animals, objects, and dreams.

Answer 19

Animism

Question 20

began when people started farming 12,000 years ago. The turning point for the new advancement is farming

Answer 20

Neolithic Age/New Stone Age

Question 21

the translation from nomadic life to settled farming, bought dramatic changes, such as the first permanent villages.

Answer 21

Neolithic Revolution-

Question 22

Early food gatherers may have been the first humans to this plants and animals—that is, to raise them in a controlled way that makes them best suited to human use. This of plants may have begun with food gatherers who noticed that if seeds were scattered on the ground they produced new plants the next year

Answer 22

Domesticate-

Question 23

which still as a early city today, was a large, walled village built between 10,000BC and 9,000BC

Answer 23

Jericho

Question 24

an early Neolithic village in the modern-day Turkey, may have had 6,500 inhabitants living in regular mud-brick homes.

Answer 24

Catakhuyuk

Question 25

refers to the goods left over after all needs have been met

Answer 25

Surplus

Question 26

civilization; this civilization rose along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East

Answer 26

Sumer

Question 27

fine sand, soil, or other material; renewed the soil in the river valleys, keeping it fertile

Answer 27

Silt

Question 28

dry grasslands

Answer 28

Steppes

Question 29

they believed in many gods

Answer 29

Polytheistic

Question 30

skilled craftspeople, who made pottery, finely carved statues, or woven goods

Answer 30

Artisans

Question 31

relies on custom or tradition and tends not to change over time

Answer 31

Traditional Economy

Question 32

simple drawings that look like the objects they represent

Answer 32

Pictographs

Question 33

as writing grew more complex, only specially trained people known as this could read and write.

Answer 33

Scribes

Question 34

the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. Occurred during migration, trade, and welfare

Answer 34

Cultural diffusion

Question 35

political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages

Answer 35

City-state

Question 36

group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

Answer 36

Empire

Question 37

centralized governments arose to oversee large- scale efforts to benefit people. They coordinated food production in storage, maintained flood control and irrigation projects, Organized departments, made laws, collected taxes, and defended the city. Priests or warrior kings often claimed power from the gods in past power from father to son.

Answer 37

Organized Government-

Question 38

Most ancient people were polytheistic-they believed in many gods. Appealed to the deities believed to control the forces of nature. Sought to gain favor with complex rituals. Built temples and made sacrifices. Ceremonies required full-time, trained priests.

Answer 38

Complex Religions

Question 39

For the first time, people specialized. Artisans, people skilled in one craft, arose. Carving, weaving, and pottery metalwork became particularly important. Weapons and tools were made first from copper and later from more durable bronze.Merchants, bricklayers, soldiers, and storytellers

Answer 39

Job Specialization

Question 40

social organization became more complex; people were ranked according to their job. Priests and nobles had top ranks. Next came a small class of wealthy merchants and artisans. The vast majority were peasant farmers from surrounding villages. Slaves often made up the lowest social level.

Answer 40

Social Classes-

Question 41

Skills in these areas expressed the talent, beliefs, and values of the creators. Large buildings were reminders of the rulers power. Palaces and temples were often dominated the landscape. They were generally decorated with paintings and statues of gods, goddesses, or the rulers.

Answer 41

Arts and Architecture-

Question 42

dams, bridges, roads, defensive walls, and related structures.

Answer 42

Public Works-

Question 43

most civilizations developed some form of this. This begin as pictographs, drawings that resemble the object represented. As complex ________ systems developed, scribes were specially trained to read and write

Answer 43

Writing