Vocabulary & Anatomy

Question 1

What’s the meaning of “encephalon”?

Answer 1

The brain

Question 2

Myel = ?

Answer 2

Spinal cord

Question 3

Soma = ?

Answer 3

cell body

Question 4

Nucleus = ?

Answer 4

a group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Question 5

Ganglion = ?

Answer 5

a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

Question 6

Ganglia = ?

Answer 6

plural of ganglion (group of Soma in PNS)

Question 7

Afferent = ?

Answer 7

toward

Question 8

Efferent = ?

Answer 8

away from

Question 9

Axon bundles = ?

Answer 9

a tract in CNS

Question 10

What’s a sulcus in the brain?

Answer 10

an indentation, groove or furrow

Question 11

What are sulci?

Answer 11

plural of sulcus, grooves between gyri

Question 12

What’s a gyrus in the brain?

Answer 12

a ridge between two sulci, a crest of folded cortical tissue

Question 13

What are gyri?

Answer 13

plural of gyrus, ridges between sulci, crests of folded cortical tissue

Question 14

What is the tentorium?

Answer 14

the membrane between the cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

What is A?

Answer 15

corpus callosum, genu

Question 16

What is B?

Answer 16

internal capsule, anterior limb

Question 17

What is C?

Answer 17

IC, genu

Question 18

What is D?

Answer 18

IC, posterior limb

Question 19

What is E?

Answer 19

corpus callosum, splenium

Question 20

What is F?

Answer 20

primary visual cortex

Question 21

What is G?

Answer 21

thalamus

Question 22

What is H?

Answer 22

insula

Question 23

What is I?

Answer 23

globus pallidus

Question 24

What is J?

Answer 24

putamen

Question 25

What is K?

Answer 25

caudate

Question 26

It is most likely the mother is experiencing which of the following?

Answer 26

C. Delirium, possibly resulting from an unrecognized infection

Question 27

What is Myelin and what does it do?

Answer 27

Myelin = lipid (fatty insulation) that wraps neurons to speed conduction of the action potential = speeds up the signal. Myelin quickly shunts current from one mode of the Ranvier to the next

Question 28

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the movement disorder?

Answer 28

D. Degeneration of the superior cerebellar vermis

Question 29

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of this drug?

Answer 29

C. Open K+ channels

Question 30

Which of the following would most likely cause the described symptoms?

Answer 30

B. Decreased dopamine release into the putamen (& Caudate)

Question 31

Which one is the Caudate?

Answer 31

1. A - Punch out (lateral) from lateral ventricle → hit caudate

Question 32

Which disorder is this?

Answer 32

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Question 33

why are we interested in biomechanics?

Answer 33

Applications in prosthesis, rehabilitation, robotics, physiotherapy and disease diagnosis and prognosis

Question 34

Which of the following is most likely as a result of this vascular lesion?

Answer 34

C. Contralateral Babinski sign with deviation of the tongue to the ipsilateral side on protrusion

Question 35

Which of the following would be the most likely and reasonable explanation for the difference?

Answer 35

B. There is more Na+ inside neuron A than neuron B

Question 36

What are CPGs?

Answer 36

Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)

Question 37

How does the Ability hand make different grasp actions?

Answer 37

Through machine learning training sessions the computer learns what signal pattern corresponds to what movement. This signal pattern recognition is then used to assign commands to the prosthetic

Question 38

What is this Indicative of?

Answer 38

UMN disease

Question 39

What Disease has both LMN and UMN Disease?

Answer 39

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS

Question 40

Where is the lesion on the MRI? A. B. C. or D.

Answer 40

D.

Question 41

What function do we associate with the Amygdala?

Answer 41

Amygdala is involved with fear and anger and the emotional interpretation of events and visual stimuli

Question 42

Name this structure? What function do we associate with this structure?

Answer 42

Hippocampus-involved in memory, and damage results in amnesia

Question 43

Name the lobes, landmarks and functions

Answer 43

5 Lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and limbic Frontal: executive function Temporal: auditory Parietal: peripheral sensations Occipital: vision Limbic: emotion

Question 44

What are these? When they tear what type of bleed occurs?

Answer 44

Sub dural Hematoma Crescent-Shaped; bridging veins Associated with elderly & alcoholic brain atrophy

Question 45

Which of the following is likely the source of blood?

Answer 45

B. Meningeal artery

Question 46

How does Passive current flow through neuronal processes and across their membranes? HINT: 2 current types

Answer 46

Capacitive current and Ionic current

Question 47

Name the nonneuronal cells of the Nervous system and describe their functions

Answer 47

Neuroglia or Glial cells (see picture for functions)

Question 48

What is the CNS?

Answer 48

Brain and spinal cord

Question 49

What is the PNS?

Answer 49

Sensory afferents and motor efferents

Question 50

What can the nervous system's structure be broken up into?

Answer 50

The CNS and the PNS