Vocabulary and Concepts

Question 1

Allophone

Answer 1

A variation of a phoneme that does not change meaning

Question 2

Apraxia of speech

Answer 2

A disorder involving the coordination, sequencing and prosodic features of speech in the absence of muscle weakness or paralysis.

Question 3

Articulation

Answer 3

The totality of all of the motor processes involved in the planning and execution of the highly overlapping gestures of the speech organs that result in the acoustic signal that is recognized as speech.

Movement of the speech mechanism to produce the sounds of speech.

Question 4

Coarticulation (relates to allophonic variation)-

Answer 4

The influence of one sound on another during speech. Articulatory movements for one phone that are carried over into the production of previous or subsequent phones.

Question 5

Cognate

Answer 5

Consonant sounds that differ only in voicing

Question 6

Consonant

Answer 6

A speech sound made with movements of the articulatory muscle that interrupt, constrict or alter the airstream. Defined by place (active and passive), manner and voicing dimensions.

Question 7

Consonant cluster (blends)

Answer 7

Two or three consonants occurring together in which each segment is spoken

Question 8

Continuant

Answer 8

Sounds made with an incomplete point of constriction; the flow of air is not completely stopped. /w/, /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /j/, /r/, /ʒ/, /ʃ/, /dʒ/, /tʃ/, /ð/, and /θ/.

Question 9

Diadochokinesis

Answer 9

The rate of movement of the articulators as measured by rapid repetition of selected syllables.

Question 10

Dialect

Answer 10

Mutually intelligible variations of a spoken language by members of a particular region, culture or social community.

Question 11

Diphthong

Answer 11

A vowel sound in which there is a gradual change in production from one vowel to another.

Question 12

Dysarthria

Answer 12

Neuromuscular speech disorder characterized by paralysis, paresis, incoordination of speech muscles caused by central or peripheral nerve damage.

Question 13

Functional Articulation Disorder

Answer 13

A disorder in which there is no known pathological change in organic structure that can be related to the disorder

Question 14

Homorganic

Answer 14

Sounds produced in the same place of production.

Question 15

Homonym

Answer 15

The loss of contrast between two or more different words due to the presence of a phonological process.

Question 16

Idioms

Answer 16

Word spoken that does not follow phonological system of child

Progressive- Advanced production of a word in relation to phonological system (advanced word form).

Regressive- Delayed production of a word in relation to phonological system (frozen word form).

Question 17

Intelligibility

Answer 17

The degree of clarity with which ones utterances are understood by the listener.

Question 18

Morphophonemics

Answer 18

The sound alterations that result from the modification of free morphemes; how sounds are produced in combination with morphemes.

Question 19

Obstruent

Answer 19

Consonants with complete closure or narrow constriction of the vocal tract; stops, affricates and fricatives (opposite of sonorant).

Question 20

Organic disorder

Answer 20

Disorders that arise from physical (anatomical, physiological or neurological) anomalies effecting structure and function of the speech mechanism.

Question 21

Phone

Answer 21

A single speech sound of a language that is represented by a single symbol.

Question 22

Phoneme

Answer 22

a family of sounds that function in a language to indicate a change in meaning

Question 23

Phonetic inventory

Answer 23

A list of sounds that the client has demonstrated that they can produce.

Question 24

Phonetic Transcription

Answer 24

transcription of the sounds in a language using a consistent system such as IPA

Question 25

Phonemic inventory

Answer 25

an inventory of sounds that a child uses contrastively to indicate the difference in the meaning of words

Question 26

Phonetics- The study of speech sounds

Answer 26

articulatory- The study of how articulators make individual speech sounds; description/classification of the motor processes responsible for speech sounds. acoustic-The study of the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech; frequency, intensity, duration of speech sound. auditory- The study of how phonetic decisions are made from the acoustic signal; awareness and interpretation of the acoustic signal.

Question 27

Phonology

Answer 27

The science of speech sounds and sound patterns within a language.

Question 28

Phonotactics

Answer 28

Permissible sequencing of sounds, restrictions on word and syllable shapes within a language. cluster constraints, word endings with different morphemes (plural, third person singular, past tense).

Question 29

Prosody (suprasegmentals)-

Answer 29

Stress (effort), intonation (vocal pitch contour), loudness, juncture (vocal punctuation), speaking rate, etc.

Question 30

Rhotics

Answer 30

word used to describe /r/ coloring of vowels and consonants

Question 31

Sonorant

Answer 31

Sounds produced with unobstructed airflow (nasals, liquids, glides).

Question 32

Stimulability

Answer 32

Ability of a client to produce a target phoneme by imitating the examiner.

Question 33

Strident

Answer 33

Sounds produced by forcing the airstream through a small opening causing intense noise; fricatives and affricates.

Question 34

Vowels

Answer 34

A speech sound that is produced with an open, unobstructed vocal tract.