Vocabulary: Chapter 3 Parts 1 - 6

Question 1

Dissolution of the intercellular bridges of the prickle cell layer of the epithelium.

Answer 1

Acantholysis

Question 2

Immune response to a foreign substance, based on the specific memory of a past exposure to that same foreign substance; the second, acquired immune response is quicker than the initial response.

Answer 2

Acquired immune response

Question 3

Type of immunity based on antibodies developed in response to an antigen. There are two types of active immunity: natural and acquired.

Answer 3

Active immunity

Question 4

Antigen producing a hypersensitivity, or allergic, reaction.

Answer 4

Allergen

Question 5

Hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular allergen that elicits an exaggerated reaction on reexposure to the same allergen.

Answer 5

Allergy

Question 6

Severe, immediate type of hypersensitivity or allergy in which an exaggerated immunologic reaction occurs on reexposure to a foreign protein or other substance after sensitization, resulting in hives, itching, swelling, vascular collapse, and shock. Also called anaphylactic shock.

Answer 6

Anaphylaxis

Question 7

Protein molecule, an immunoglobulin, that is secreted by plasma cells and reacts with a specific antigen. There are five classes of antibodies: IgA, lgD, lgE, lgG, and IgM.

Answer 7

Antibody

Question 8

Level of a specific antibody in the blood.

Answer 8

Antibody titer

Question 9

Any substance able to induce specific immune response.

Answer 9

Antigen

Question 10

To reduce the severity of a disease or the virulence of a pathogenic agent, as is done in the development of certain vaccines.

Answer 10

Attenuate

Question 11

Antibody that reacts against a normal tissue constituent of one’s own body.

Answer 11

Autoantibody

Question 12

Disease characterized by tissue trauma caused by an immune response against tissue constituents of one’s own body.

Answer 12

Autoimmune disease

Question 13

Type of lymphocyte that develops in lymphoid tissue other than the thymus, and that can later develop into a plasma cell that produces antibody, the main initiator of humoral immunity.

Answer 13

B-cell lymphocyte

Question 14

Type of immunity in which the major role is played by T-cell lymphocytes.

Answer 14

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 15

Proteins produced by various cell types for the purpose of intercellular communication; immunological cytokines are involved in the immune response.

Answer 15

Cytokines

Question 16

A type of white blood cell that acts as an antigen-presenting cell in the skin and mucosa.

Answer 16

Dendritic cell

Question 17

Type of immunity in which both B-cell lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce as plasma cells play the predominant role.

Answer 17

Humoral immunity

Question 18

Decreased salivary flow that may result ¡n xerostomia (dry mouth).

Answer 18

Hyposalivation

Question 19

Altered state of reactivity in which the body reacts to a foreign agent, or allergen, with an exaggerated immune response. There are four types of hypersensitivity: types I through IV.

Answer 19

Hypersensitivity

Question 20

Combination of an antibody and antigen, producing a complex that can initiate a hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 20

Immune complex

Question 21

Induction of active immunity. When the pathogenic microorganism used to induce active immunity is encountered after vaccination, a stronger, faster immune response ¡s produced, which prevents disease development.

Answer 21

Immunization

Question 22

Reduced immune response resulting from hypoactivity or decreased numbers of lymphoid cells.

Answer 22

Immunodeficiency

Question 23

Proteins that, when secreted by plasma cells, serve as antibodies designed to respond to a specific antigen. Surface immunoglobulins remain attached to the surface of certain B cells and function as receptors.

Answer 23

Immunoglobulins

Question 24

A substance that alters the immune response by augmenting or reducing the ability of the immune system to produce antibodies or sensitized cells that recognize and react with the antigen that initiated their production.

Answer 24

Immunomodulator

Question 25

Specialized dendritic cell, found in the skin and mucosa, that is involved in the immune response.

Answer 25

Langerhans cell

Question 26

Mature neutrophil with a phagocytized spherical inclusion derived from another neutrophil; it is used as a marker of autoimmune diseases.

Answer 26

LE cell

Question 27

Tissue composed of lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of connective tissue; includes tonsillar tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs.

Answer 27

Lymphoid tissue

Question 28

Cytokines produced by B-cell or T-cell lymphocytes ¡n contact with antigens; mediators in an immune response.

Answer 28

Lymphokines

Question 29

Large tissue-bound mononuclear phagocyte derived from monocytes circulating in the blood, which can become mobile when stimulated by inflammation and interact with lymphocytes in an immune response.

Answer 29

Macrophage

Question 30

Cytokines produced by monocytes or macrophages; mediators in an immune response.

Answer 30

Monokines

Question 31

Mucosal inflammation due to a disease process.

Answer 31

Mucositis

Question 32

Type of lymphocyte that is part of the initial innate immune response, which by unknown mechanisms is able to directly destroy cells recognized as foreign.

Answer 32

Natural killer cell

Question 33

Diagnostic sign whereby the superficial epithelium separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm, sliding manual pressure with the fingers.

Answer 33

Nikolsky sign

Question 34

Type of immunity that uses antibodies produced by another person to protect an individual against infectious disease. There are two types of passive immunity: natural and acquired.

Answer 34

Passive immunity

Question 35

Cell derived from B-cell lymphocytes that produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen.

Answer 35

Plasma cell

Question 36

Itching.

Answer 36

Pruritus

Question 37

Antibody that binds to certain antibodies found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases such as Sjögren syndrome. Current assays test for IgM class rheumatoid factor.

Answer 37

Rheumatoid factor

Question 38

Group of signs and symptoms that occur together.

Answer 38

Syndrome

Question 39

Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is mainly responsible for initiating cell-mediated immunity, as well as also modulating humoral immunity.

Answer 39

T-cell lymphocyte

Question 40

Organ consisting of lymphoid tissue located high in the chest, which is large in an infant and gradually shrinks in size in adulthood; site of T-cell lymphocyte maturation.

Answer 40

Thymus

Question 41

Dryness of the mucus membranes, including the oral cavity; usually caused by hyposalivation or decreased salivary flow.

Answer 41

Xerostomia