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Exam 11 Med Surg > VOCABULARY for CH 33 + 66 > Flashcards

VOCABULARY for CH 33 + 66 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

allergen

A

substance that causes manifestations of allergy

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2
Q

allergy

A

inappropriate and often harmful immune system response to substances that are normally harmless

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3
Q

anaphylaxis

A

rapid clinical response to an immediate immunologic reaction between a specific antigen and antibody

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4
Q

anioedema

A

condition characterized by urticaria and diffuse swelling of the deeper layers of the skin (aka angioneurotic edema)

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5
Q

antibody

A

protein substance developed by B cells in response to and interacting w/ a specific antigen

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6
Q

antigen

A

substance that the body identifies as a foreign invader, antigens induce the production of antibodies

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7
Q

antihistamine

A

medication that opposes the action of histamine

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8
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

type I hypersensitivity involving inflammation of the skin evidenced by itching, redness, and a variety of skin lesions

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9
Q

atopic march

A

a progression of allergic disease beginning w/ atopic dermatitis continuing to IgE mediated food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis

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10
Q

atopy

A

term often used to described immunoglobulin E-mediated diseases (atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis) w/ a genetic component

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11
Q

B cells

A

lymphocyte cells that are stimulated to produce antibodies

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12
Q

bradykinin

A

a substance that stimulates nerve fibers and causes pain

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13
Q

eosinophil

A

granular leukocyte

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14
Q

erythema

A

diffuse redness of the skin

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15
Q

hapten

A

incomplete antigen

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16
Q

histamine

A

substance in the body that causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle

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17
Q

hypersensitivity

A

abnormal heightened reaction to a stimulus of any kind

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18
Q

immunoglobulins

A

a family of closely related proteins capable of acting as antibodies

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19
Q

leukotrienes

A

a group of chemical mediators that initiate the inflammatory response

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20
Q

mast cells

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A

connective tissue cells that contain heparin and histamine in their granules

21
Q

plasma cells

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A

upon stimulation by antigen, B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies

22
Q

prostaglandins

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A

unsaturated fatty acids that have a wide assortment of biologic activity

23
Q

serotonin

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A

chemical mediator that acts a potent vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor

24
Q

T cells

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A

lymphocyte cells that participate in cellular immunity and assist in humoral (B cell) immunity

25
urticaria
a round, reddened skin elevation or hives
26
specificity
refers to the specific reaction of an antibody to an antigen
27
bacteremia
lab confirmed presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
28
carrier
a person who has a pathogen w/out apparent s/s; one who is able to transmit an infection to others
29
colonization
the presence of microorganisms in or on a host, w/out host interference or interaction and w/out eliciting symptoms in the host
30
emerging infectious disease
human infectious diseases w/ an increased incidence w/in the past 2 decades or w/ a potential to increase in the near future
31
epidemic
a widespread outbreak of a specific infectious disease from a single source w/in a community or population that exceeds anticipated levels of impact
32
health care associated infection (HAI)
an infection not present or incubating at the time of admission to the health care setting; this term has replaced nosocomial infection
33
host
an organism that provides living conditions to support a microorganism
34
immune
person w/ protection from a previous infection or vaccination who resists reinfection when re-exposed to the same agent
35
incubation period
time between contact and onset of s/s
36
infection
condition in which the host interacts physiologically and immunologically w/a microorganism
37
infectious disease
any disease caused by growth of pathogenic microbes in the body that may or may not be communicable
38
latency
time interval after primary infection when a microorganism lives w/in the host w/out producing clinical evidence of disease
39
MRSA
staphlyococcus aureus bacterium that is not susceptible to extended penicillin antibiotics such ass methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin
40
normal flora
persistent nonpathogenic organisms colonizing a host
41
outbreak
the occurrence of a disease w/in a population that exceeds normal expectations
42
pandemic
an epidemic that spreads across multiple countires or continents
43
reservoir
any person, plant, animal, substance, or location that provides living conditions for microorganisms and that enables further dispersal of the organism
44
standard precautions
strategy of assuming all pts may carry infectious agents & using appropriate barrier precautions for all health care worker - pt interactions
45
susceptible
not possessing immunity to a particular pathogen
46
transient flora
organisms that have been recently acquired and are likely to be shed in a relatively short period
47
transmission based precautions
precautions used in addition to standard precautions when contagious or epidemiologically significant organisms are recognized; the 3 types of transmission based precautions are airborne, droplet, contact
48
VRE
enterococcus bacterium that is not susceptible to the antibiotic vancomycin
49
virulence
degree of pathogenicity of an organism

Exam 11 Med Surg (8 decks)

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