Vocabulary from readings Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
What’s the normative approach to development?
A
- What’s considered normal development for a child
2
Q
What’s the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?
A
- Continuous - development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills
- Discontinuous - development takes place in unique stages , where it occurs at specific times or ages
3
Q
What are schemata?
A
- concepts/mental models that are used to help us cateorize and interpret information
- By the time we have reached adultood, we have created schemata for almost everything
4
Q
What’s the difference between assimilation and accomodation?
A
- Assimilation - when children take in information that is comparable to what they already know
- Accomodation - when children change their schemata based on new information
5
Q
What is the principle of reversibility?
A
- objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition.
- Children begin to understand this concept once they’ve reached the concrete operational stage
6
Q
What’s a secure base?
A
- A parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the baby explores his surroundings. THis can lead to a secire attachment
7
Q
What’s adrenarche and gonadarche?
A
- The maturing of the adrenal glands and sex glands
8
Q
What’s cognitive empathy?
A
- relates to the ability to take the persepctive of others and feel concern for others
9
Q
What’s socioemotional selectivity theory?
A
- It suggests that our social support and friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in our earlier years
10
Q
What’s an advance directive?
A
- A written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants when nearing death
11
Q
What’s a health care proxy?
A
- Appoints a specific person to make medical decisions for you if you are unable to speak for yourself
12
Q
What’s the Yerkes-Dodson law?
A
- Holds that a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower
13
Q
What’s bariatric surgery?
A
- a type of surgery specifically aimed at weight reduction, and it involves modifying the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed
14
Q
What’s gender dysphoria?
A
- a diagnostic category that describes individuals who do not identify as the gender that most people would assume they are.
15
Q
What’s a polygraph?
A
- A lie detector tests that measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions, although the validity of these tests has been seriously questioned
16
Q
What’s cognitive-mediational theory?
A
- Asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.
17
Q
What’s the cultural display rule?
A
- One of a collection of culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of displays of emotions that are acceptable
18
Q
What’s a cardinal trait?
A
- The personality trait that dominates your personality
19
Q
What are central traits?
A
- Personality traits that make up our personalities
20
Q
What’s a justification of effort?
A
- The belief that we tend to value goals and acheivements that we put a lot of effort into.
- If something is difficult to achieve, we believe it is more worthwhile
21
Q
What’s the Halo effect?
A
- The tendency to let the overall impression of an individual color the way in which we feel about their character
22
Q
What’s the Asch effect?
A
- The influence of the group majority on an individuals judgement
- Asch conformity experiments
23
Q
What is deindividuation?
A
- situations in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and therefore a reduction of accountability and sense of self when among others
24
Q
What are chronic and acute stressors?
A
- Chronic - events that persist over an extended period of time
- Acute - brief, local events that sometimes continue to be experienced as overwhelming well after the event has ended
25
What's flow?
- A particular experience that is so engaging and engrossing that is becomes worth doing for its own sake
26
What's an acquisition?
- When an organization purchases another organization
27
What's scientific management?
- Analyzes and synthesises workflows with the main objective of improving economic efficiency, especially labour prouctivity
28
What's procedural justice?
- The fairness of the processes by which outcomes are determined in conflicts with or among employees
29
What's psychopathology?
- The study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, their etiology (causes), and treatments
30
What is harmful dysfunction?
- A way to identify and define psychological disorders. Occurs when an internal mechanism breaks down and leads to harm towards oneself and others around you
31
What's behavioural inhibition?
- Consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations (present during social anxiety disorder)
32
What's diathesis?
- A hereditary or constitutional predsposition to a disease or to a disorder
33
What's hopelessness theory?
- A particular style of negative thinking leads to a sense of hopelessness, which then can lead to depression. It's the expectation that unpleasant things will occur
34
What are prodromal symptoms?
- Found in patients with schizophrenia, when they show minor symptoms of psychosis, such as unusual thought content, paranoia, odd communication, delusions, etc.
35
What was deinstitutionalization?
- The process where large asylums were closed so that individuals could stay within their communities to recieve local treatment
- (treatment and therapy)
36
What's an intake?
- A therapists first meeting with a client where they gather specific information about them in order to address their immediate needs
37
What's structural and strategical family therapy?
- Structural - the therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and the structure of the family
- Strategical - the goal is to address specific problems within the family that can be dealt with in a relatively short amount of time
38
What's play therapy?
- Often used with children, where using toys they can play out their hopes, fantasies and traumas.
