vocabulary from summer assignment

Question 1

activation energy

Answer 1

minimum energy needs to be added to a system in order for the chemical reaction to occur, how much energy it needs to work

Question 2

anion

Answer 2

negatively charged ion

Question 3

arrhenius acid

Answer 3

donates an h+ ion, can easily give hydrogen ion or proton in its aqueous solution

Question 4

Arrhenius base

Answer 4

Donates an OH- ion

Question 5

atom

Answer 5

smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element

Question 6

atomic mass

Answer 6

average of all naturally occurring isotopes

Question 7

atomic number

Answer 7

number of protons; defines the atom

Question 8

boiling

Answer 8

phase change from a liquid to a gas

Question 9

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 9

proton donor

Question 10

Broasted-Lowry Base

Answer 10

proton acceptor

Question 11

Calorimetry

Answer 11

-means of measuring the heat gained/lost by a system during a chemical reaction

• used to measure the amount of heat transferred from one substance to another

Question 12

catalyst

Answer 12

lowers the activation energy

speeds up a reaction

not a reactant, not a product

Question 13

cation

Answer 13

positively charged ion

Question 14

chemical equilibrium

Answer 14

rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 15

condensation

Answer 15

phase change from a gas to a liquid

Question 16

covalent bond

Answer 16

bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

mutual sharing of one or more electrons between two atoms

Question 17

deposition

Answer 17

phase change from a gas to a liquid

Question 18

dipole-dipole interaction

Answer 18

attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another

permanent IMF present in polar molecules

Question 19

dissociate

Answer 19

to break into ions

Question 20

dissolve

Answer 20

to break into smaller pieces

Question 21

distillation

Answer 21

process of separating liquids based on differences in boiling temperatures

Question 22

electrolyte

Answer 22

dissociates into charge particles which are capable of conducting electricity

Question 23

electrolytic cell

Answer 23

redox reaction that is spontaneous

converts electrical energy into chemical energy

Question 24

electron affinity

Answer 24

energy released when an atom gains an electron (negative ion)

Question 25

electron

Answer 25

negatively charged particle, located in the orbitals surrounding the nucleus

Question 26

electronegativity

Answer 26

the ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom

Question 27

empirical formula

Answer 27

lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound (simplified formula)

Question 28

endothermic

Answer 28

energy is gained by the system

Question 29

exothermic

Answer 29

energy is released by the system

Question 30

evaporation

Answer 30

process of removing water from an aqueous solution. solute is left behind

Question 31

filtrate

Answer 31

a liquid that has passed through the filter paper

Question 32

filtration

Answer 32

process of separating a precipitate from its aqueous solution

Question 33

freezing

Answer 33

phase change from a liquid to a solid

Question 34

galvanic / voltaic cell

Answer 34

uses chemical reaction to produce electrical energy redox reaction that is spontaneous

Question 35

halogen

Answer 35

elements in group 17 form halides as ions

Question 36

hydrogen bonding

Answer 36

strong dipole that results when H is bonded to F, O, or N

Question 37

intermolecular forces

Answer 37

attractive forces between molecules

Question 38

ionization energy

Answer 38

energy required to remove the outer electron

Question 39

kinetic energy

Answer 39

energy of motion, temperature is a measure of KE

Question 40

limiting reactant

Answer 40

reactant that runs out first thus limiting the amount of product that can be formed

Question 41

london dispersion forces

Answer 41

weakest IMFs (part of VanDer Waals forces) temporary IMF caused by the movement of electrons

Question 42

lone pair

Answer 42

unbounded electrons

Question 43

melting

Answer 43

phase change from solid to liquid

Question 44

molar mass

Answer 44

grams per 1 mol

Question 45

molarity

Answer 45

moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 46

molecular formula

Answer 46

actual number of moles of each atom in a compound

Question 47

noble gases

Answer 47

group 18 elements each has 8 valence electrons nonreactive

Question 48

precipitate

Answer 48

solid matter that forms from the reaction of 2 aqueous solutions

Question 49

sublimation

Answer 49

phase change from a solid to a gas

Question 50

specific heat

Answer 50

energy required to raise 1 gram of substance 1C