Vocabulary LT #3

Question 1

Crossing-over

Answer 1

-The exchange of genetic material between 2 non- sister chromatids.
-The cause for genetic diversity.
-Meiosis 1, Prophase 1

Question 2

Independent assortment

Answer 2

-metaphase 1&2
-genes for traits are independently assorted into separate gametes
-cause for genetic diversity

Question 3

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

-Two separate chromosomes
- 1 from mother, 1 from father
- similar but not identical

Question 4

Autosomes

Answer 4

-Chromosome pairs 1-22
-Do NOT code for sex

Question 5

Gametes

Answer 5

-reproductive cells (sex cells)
-egg and sperm go though meiosis

Question 6

Karyotype

Answer 6

A picture that displays all chromosomes from biggest to smallest in an organism.
(23 pairs, 46 total)

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

-Cells with only 1 copy of each chromosome
-humans ~> n=23

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

-Cells with 2 copies of each chromosomes
-humans ~> 2n=46

Question 9

Gametogenesis

Answer 9

-The production of gametes
-differs between females and males

Question 10

Sex chromosomes

Answer 10

-the only chromosomes that determine sex
- XX = Female
- XY = Male

Question 11

Cell differentiation

Answer 11

The process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and function
*Cell location determine show it will differentiate

Question 12

Stem cells

Answer 12

“Blank cells”
-divide and renew themselves
-remain undifferentiated
-develop into a variety of specialized cell types