Vocabulary & Terminology Flashcards
(34 cards)
linguistic competence
The knowledge by native speakers of a language
linguistic performance
an individual’s use of a language
performance error
errors made by learners when distracted or shifts of attention.
speech communication chain
describes the stages in speech communication whereby a message moves between the mind of the speaker and the mind of the listener
speech communication chain steps
- Think of what you want to say
- Choose the words you want to communicate
- Put the words together
- Pronounce the words
- Use your vocal anatomy
- Speak so the sounds can vibrate through the air
- The listener will hear the sounds
- Listener will hear the language
- Listener understands what is being said
noise
sound, especially one that causes disturbance when communicating
lexicon
the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.
mental grammar
grammar stored in the brain that allows a speaker to produce language that other speakers can understand
language variation
there is more than one way of saying the same thing
descriptive grammar
a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used, there is no right or wrong language.
evidence that writing and language are not the same (list 4 reasons)
- writing doesn’t exist everywhere
- writing must be taught
- writing can be edited
- oral language is a dynamic interaction
reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech (list 3 reasons)
- Writing can be edited
- Writing must be taught
- Writing is more physically stable
prescriptive grammar
Rules for language and grammar
prescribe
To lay down a rule
Charles Hockett’s nine design features (necessary for a communication system to be considered a language) (list)
- Vocal-auditory channel
- Broadcast transmission and directional reception
- Transitoriness
- Interchangeability
- Total feedback
- Semanticity
- Arbitrariness
- Discreteness
- Productivity
mode of communication
which messages are transmitted and received
semanticity
the use of arbitrary or nonarbitrary signals to transmit meaningful messages
pragmatic function
the meaning a speaker wishes to convey to the person they are speaking to
interchangeability
the individuals ability to transmit and receive the messages
cultural transmission
the process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next in a community
arbitrariness
the meaning of linguistic signs is not predictable from its word form
linguistic sign
a link between a concept and a sound pattern
convention
the rules people must follow when writing any kind of text.
non-arbitrariness
predicts an orthogonal relationship between word forms and their corresponding meanings.
