Vocabulary Words for Unit 4: Genetics Flashcards
(20 cards)
What does Ancestor mean?
a person from whom one is descended from
What does Descendant mean?
a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor
What does Asexual reproduction mean?
genetic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other (uniform).
What does Chromosome mean?
made of DNA located in the nucleus; contains genetic information needed to carry out cell functions and make new cells
What does Allele mean?
one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome
What does Diverse Offspring mean?
different combinations of alleles from each parent
What does Uniform Offspring mean?
offspring are identical to the parent
What does DNA mean?
located in the nucleus; determines the genetic traits of an organism (deoxyribonucleic acid)
What doe Gene mean?
a segment of DNA found on a chromosome; determines the inheritance of a particular trait
What does Heredity mean?
the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
What does Genetics mean?
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
What does Sexual reproduction mean?
genetic material is donated from two parents; offspring differ from each parent and each other (diverse)
What does Traits mean?
behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment
What does Heterozygous mean?
If an individual carries two different genres for a trait (Aa)
What does Homozygous mean?
If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene (AA or aa)
What does Dominant Trait mean?
inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele
What does Recessive Trait mean?
a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles
What does Genotype mean?
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
What does Phenotype mean?
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
What does Punnet Square mean?
used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring
