Vocabulary2

Question 1

authority

Answer 1

the ability to take action based on a person’s achieved or ascribed statues or moral reputation

Question 2

band

Answer 2

the form of political organization of foraging groups, with flexible membership and minimal leadership

Question 3

chiefdom

Answer 3

a form of political organization in which permanently allied tribes and villages have one recognized leader who holds an “office”

Question 4

hegemony

Answer 4

domination of some over others through determining the terms and frameworks through which people think about the worlds and themselves

Question 5

influence

Answer 5

the ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group

Question 6

law

Answer 6

a binding rule crated through enactment or custom that defines rights and reasonable behavior and is enforceable by the treat of punishment

Question 7

nation

Answer 7

a group of people who share a language, culture, territorial base, political organization, and history.

Question 8

norm

Answer 8

a generally agreed-upon standard for how people should behave, usually unwritten and learned unconscious.

Question 9

policing

Answer 9

the exercise of social control through process of surveillance and the threat of punishment related to maintaining social order.

Question 10

political organization

Answer 10

groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats.

Question 11

social control

Answer 11

process that, through both informal and formal mechanism, maintain orderly social life

Question 12

state

Answer 12

a form of political organization in which a centralized political unit encompasses many communities, a bureaucratic structure and leaders who posses coercive power.

Question 13

tribe

Answer 13

a form of political organization that comprises several bands or lineage groups, each with a similar language an life style and occupy a distinct territory

Question 14

war

Answer 14

organized and purposeful group action directed against another group and involving lethal force

Question 15

power (in class definition)

Answer 15

broad term for the ability to bring about results and have effect

Question 16

coercion

Answer 16

use or threat of forceful means to bring about result

Question 17

communication

Answer 17

the process of sending and receiving meaningful messages

Question 18

creole

Answer 18

a language directly descended from a pidgin but possessing its own native speakers and involving linguistic expansion and elaboration

Question 19

critical discourse analysis (CDA)

Answer 19

an approach within linguistic anthropology that examines how power and social inequality are reflected and reproduced in communication

Question 20

digital divide

Answer 20

social inequality in access to new and emerging information technology, notably access to up-to-date computers, the internet, and training related to their use

Question 21

displacement

Answer 21

a feature of human language whereby people are able to take about events in the past and future

Question 22

ethnosemantics

Answer 22

the study of meaning of words, phrases, and sentence in particular culture context

Question 23

language

Answer 23

a form of communication that is based on a systemic set of learned symbols and sings sheared among a group and passed on form generation to generation

Question 24

pidgin

Answer 24

a contact language that blends elements of at least two languages and that emerges when people with different languages need to communicate

Question 25

productivity

Answer 25

a feature of human language whereby people are able to communicate a potentially infinite number of messages efficiently

Question 26

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 26

a perspective in linguistic anthropology which says that language determines thought

Question 27

cargo cult

Answer 27

a form of revitalization movement that emerged in Melanesia in response to Western and Japanese influence

Question 28

myth

Answer 28

a narrative with a plot that involves the supernatural

Question 29

revitalization movement

Answer 29

a socio religious movement, usually organized by a prophetic leader, that seeks to construct a more satisfying situation by reviving all or parts of a religion that has been threatened by outside forces or by adopting new practice and beliefs.

Question 30

ritual

Answer 30

patterned behavior that has to do with the supernatural realm

Question 31

emic/etic (problems in defining art)

Answer 31

emic- insider's perceptions etic- analytical framework used by outside two different meaning. symbolism on art can mean one thing and the use for the art piece is another

Question 32

ethno-esthetics

Answer 32

culturally specific definitions of what art is

Question 33

ethnomusicology

Answer 33

a cross-cultural study of music

Question 34

fine art

Answer 34

Western- centric judgement- rare, expensive art produced by a artist usually trained

Question 35

folk art

Answer 35

ethnic art, primitive art, or crafts

Question 36

intangible or "living" heritage

Answer 36

UNESCO's view of culture as manifested in oral traditions, languages, performing arts rituals and festive events, knowledge and practice about nature and universe, craft making

Question 37

development-induced displacement

Answer 37

the forced migration of a population due to development

Question 38

internal migration

Answer 38

movement withing country boundaries

Question 39

international migration

Answer 39

movement across country boundaries

Question 40

internally displaced person (IDP)

Answer 40

someone who is forced to leave his or her home or community but who remains in the same country

Question 41

lifeboat mentality

Answer 41

a view that seeks to limit grow a particular group because of perceived resources constraints

Question 42

migration

Answer 42

movement from one place to another

Question 43

push-pull theory

Answer 43

am explanation for rural-to-urban migration that emphasizes people's incentives to move because of a lack of opportunity in rural areas (the "push) compared with urban areas (the "pull")

Question 44

refugee

Answer 44

someone who is forced to leave his or her home, community , or country

Question 45

remittance

Answer 45

the transfer of money or goods by a migrant to his or her family in the country of origin

Question 46

right of return

Answer 46

the United Nation's guaranteed rights of a refugee to return to his or her home country to live

Question 47

transnational migration

Answer 47

regular movement of a person between two or more countries resulting in an new cultural identity

Question 48

development

Answer 48

change directed toward improving human welfare

Question 49

modernization

Answer 49

model of change based on belief in the inevitable advance of science and Western secularism and process, including industrial growth, consolidation of the state, bureaucratization, a market economy, technological innovations, literacy, and options for social mobility

Question 50

social impact assessment

Answer 50

a study conducted to predict the potential social costs and benefits of particular innovations before change is undertaken