vocabularyM2N

Question 1

MAC

Answer 1

Mandatory Access Control is a mandatory set of rules that everyone must abide by. It is a rule-based access control in which data owners are granted access based upon rules.

Question 2

Macro Virus

Answer 2

A sequence of destructive instructions embedded into a common document such as a word processing or spreadsheet document.

Question 3

Malicious Code

Answer 3

Any code that is intended to cause harm to a system or the data that it contains. Examples of malicious code are viruses and worms.

Question 4

Man-in-the-Middle Attack

Answer 4

A network attack where the hacker intercepts a public key exchange and substitutes his own public key for the requested one, thus enabling him to intercept messages from both sides of the communication.

Question 5

Mantrap

Answer 5

A double set of doors which create a small room in between. This type of physical access control is set up so that both sets of doors cannot be opened at the same time.

Question 6

Maximum Tolerable Downtime

Answer 6

The maximum amount of time that a company and its resources can be down.

Question 7

Meet-in-the-Middle Attack

Answer 7

A type of attack that uses two simultaneous brute force attacks to encrypt a known plaintext with every possible key while decrypting the associated ciphertext with every possible key. This type of attack works with algorithms which use two rounds of encryption.

Question 8

Mesh Topology

Answer 8

A LAN topology where every node is connected to every other node.

Question 9

Message Digest Algorithm

Answer 9

A hashing algorithm that uses four computation rounds to produce a 12-bit digest.

Question 10

Military Attack

Answer 10

A type of attack that attempts to acquire secret information from military or law enforcement agencies.

Question 11

MMU

Answer 11

The memory management unit is a close component to the CPU. It translates addresses into a page frame address and processes requests for memory access.

Question 12

Mobile Site

Answer 12

A data center alternative that is a trailer with appropriate environmental utilities. It can be configured as a cold or warm site and is easily moved.

Question 13

MOSS

Answer 13

MIME Object Security Services is a cryptography protocol that does not use CA digital certificates and can be a replacement for PEM. MOSS provides association between e-mail addresses and certificates.

Question 14

Multipartite

Answer 14

A virus that uses multiple infection schemes.

Question 15

Multiprocessing

Answer 15

An environment that allows the execution of two or more processes on multiple CPUs at the same time.

Question 16

Multistate

Answer 16

An operating state in which the system is certified to handle information at multiple security levels at the same time. It is very expensive and a very difficult state to maintain. It requires specific protection mechanisms to prevent data from crossing security level boundaries.

Question 17

Multitasking

Answer 17

The process of executing two or more processes at a time on a single CPU by switching among processes, giving each one a finite time slice.

Question 18

Multithreading

Answer 18

The process of subdividing a process into two or more subprocesses or threads, and executing them at the same time on one or more CPUs. It may also be allowing multiple users to access the same shared process, each with its own local date space.

Question 19

Mutual Processing

Answer 19

An agreement between businesses to share data and software licensing before a disaster strikes. The companies work together and have a presence on each others machines.

Question 20

NAT

Answer 20

Network Address Translation is a conversion process between an intranet and public IP addresses. NAT provides secure access to the Internet, reducing the need for public IP addresses.

Question 21

Network

Answer 21

Multiple computers that are linked by cables or other communication paths and that have mutual software that allows them to communicate with each other.

Question 22

Network Intrusion

Answer 22

An attack in which there is unauthorized access to a protected resource.

Question 23

Network Layer

Answer 23

The layer of the ISO/OSI reference model that determines the best transport route to get data to its destination as well as message handling and transfer. This layer is concerned with actual movement of information from one device to another.

Question 24

Neural System

Answer 24

A knowledge-based system that is based on the building blocks of human cognition. A neural system starts with no knowledge and learns as it is used.

Question 25

 NIACAP

Answer 25

   The National Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process is a standard for certification and accreditation of computer systems generally pertaining to the United States Executive Branch.

Question 26

 NIC

Answer 26

   Network interface card is an expansion card or other device that provides the interface between the computer and network.

Question 27

 NIST

Answer 27

   The National Institute of Standards and Technology is a branch of the US Commerce Department. This organization works to develop standards for measurement, science, and technology.

Question 28

 Non-Discretionary Control

Answer 28

   A role-based access control in which access is granted based upon the subjects role instead of identity. This type of control is common in an environment with frequent personnel changes.

Question 29

 Noninterference Model

Answer 29

   A security model which ensures that actions on one security level have no effect on objects at another security level.

Question 30

 Nonrepudiation

Answer 30

   The process of assuring that a message came from who it says it came from.

Question 31

 Nonvolatile Memory

Answer 31

   Memory that maintains a value without power to the machine, such as secondary memory.

Question 32

 NSA

Answer 32

   The National Security Agency is an organization that is involved with developing standards ensuring that security is maintained and will work with both secure and non-secure systems.