Voice Development and Disorders

Question 1

The speed at which Vocal Folds vibrate is called the __________ __________

Answer 1

Fundamental Frequency of Voice

Question 2

The rapidity of vibration (of the vocal folds) is determined by:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 2

1. Air pressure from the lungs
2. Tension on the vocal folds
3. Mass of the vocal folds
4. Length of the vocal folds

Question 3

Pitch is measured in:

Answer 3

Hertz (Hz)

Question 4

Hertz (Hz) is equal to the number of ________ per second of the vocal folds

Answer 4

number of vibrations per second

Question 5

Fundamental Frequency is also called:

Answer 5

Habitual Pitch

Question 6

A voice disorder is present if an individual _______ _______ is two or more tones away from the ________ ________ of their sex

Answer 6

Habitual pitch and optimal pitch

Question 7

The average adult male frequency is

Answer 7

~130Hz

Question 8

The average adult females frequency is

Answer 8

~250Hz

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE
An Infants Larynx is positioned high in their neck

Answer 9

TRUE ~3rd cervical vertebrae

Question 10

An infants high positioned larynx allows an infant to:

Answer 10

• Breath while nursing
• Reduces the risk of chocking

Question 11

After ~5years, the larynx moves down and sits at ~____ cervical vertebrae

Answer 11

6th

Question 12

The larynx reaches the ____ cervical vertebrae by 17 - 20 years old

Answer 12

7th

Question 13

At puberty, a male’s vocal cords rapidly grow ~___mm in length, and _______

Answer 13

10mm. length and thickness

Question 14

During puberty, a females vocal cords thicken ~___mm with no significant ________

Answer 14

4mm, NO SIGNIFICANT THICKENING

Question 15

A Monotone voice is a result of ________

Answer 15

not varying speaking frequency during speech

Question 16

Voice Intensity is measured in:

Answer 16

Decibels (dB)
perceived as loudness

Question 17

The average loudness of conversational speech is _____

Answer 17

~60dB

Question 18

A major determiner in vocal intensity (perceived as loudness) is _________ ________

Answer 18

SUBGLOTTAL PRESSURE
(pressure from the lungs onto the interior aspects of the vocal cords)

Question 19

At what age does a persons voice start to decline

Answer 19

60 years old

• pitch between males and females evens out
• diminished quality
• Decreased capacity for control over loudness (dB)

Question 20

Vocal Abuse can lead to:

Answer 20

• Vocal nodules
• Contact Ulcers
• Vocal Polyps
• Acute and Chronic Laryngitis

Question 21

A women in her 20’s presents with voice symptoms of breathiness and hoarseness, with soreness and inability to reach upper third pitch range, she most likely is suffering from:

Answer 21

Vocal Nodules

Question 22

A man in his 40’s presents with high acid reflux, pain at the vocal folds, and hoarseness with breathiness, he often clears his throat. What is he most likely suffering from

Answer 22

Contact Ulcers

Question 23

A client presents with a sensation of something in the throat, with voice hoarseness, breathiness, and roughness. They reportedly just visited a baseball stadium. What is their most likely diagnosis?

Answer 23

Vocal Polyps

Question 24

Inflammation of the vocal folds that results from exposure to noxious agents, allergies, or vocal abuse is called:

Answer 24

Laryngitis

Question 25

What voice disorders are associated with Hypoadduction?

Answer 25

Parkinson's and Vocal Fold Paralysis (unilateral or bilateral)

Question 26

Define Diplophonia

Answer 26

the two vocal folds vibrate at different speeds

Question 27

Voice Disorders associated with Hyperadduction are:

Answer 27

Spastic Dysarthria - resulting from bilateral damage to the brain - great difficulty swallowing and speaking Spastic Dysphonia - abnormal laryngospasm-strained, effortful tight voice with a vocal tremor -used to be thought of as an emotionally triggered event, now it can be many things including neurological

Question 28

Alaryngeal speakers speak from their ___________

Answer 28

Trachea via a surgical hole

Question 29

Voice Disorders can have symptoms in these four areas of speech:

Answer 29

1. Distorted Voice Quality 2. Distorted Vocal Pitch 3. Distorted Loudness 4. Distorted Resonance

Question 30

Two potential causes of voice quality are:

Answer 30

Lesions on the vocal folds, and neurological impairment

Question 31

Three aspects of speech may suggest a voice pitch disorder, they are:

Answer 31

- Monopitch - Inappropriate Pitch - Pitch Breaks

Question 32

Define Stridor

Answer 32

Noisy breathing or involving sound with inspiration and expiration

Question 33

Define Consistent Aphonia

Answer 33

Persistent absence of voice, perceived as whispering

Question 34

Define Episodic Aphonia

Answer 34

Uncontrolled, unpredictable aphonic breaks in voice that can last a fraction of a second or longer