voicing and consonants

Question 1

Consonants are described in Phonetics in terms of:

Answer 1

1) voicing
2) Manner of Articulation
3) Place of Articulation

Question 2

a tube above the larynx, its top is divided into two ends one part at the back of the mouth and the other part at the nasal cavity

Answer 2

Pharynx

Question 3

allows air to pass through the nose and through the mouth

Answer 3

Velum (soft-palate)

Question 4

is between the top front teeth and the hard palate.

Answer 4

The alveolar ridge

Question 5

lip-to-teeth contact phonemes

Answer 5

labio-dental /f/ /v/

Question 6

Sounds in which the lips are in contact with each other are called

Answer 6

bilabial /p/ /b/

Question 7

are not articulators in the same way as the others, because they cannot themselves make contact with other articulators

Answer 7

jaws

Question 8

what are the organs of speech?

Answer 8

lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, tonge, pharynx, larynx, vocal cords, velum(soft-palate), hard palate (roof of the mouth), epiglottis, Uvula, nasal cavity

Question 9

The front of the ………… comes to a point and you can feel this point at the front of your neck - particularly if you are a man and/or slim. This point is commonly called the Adam’s Apple

Answer 9

larynx

Question 10

another name for the vocal cords is

Answer 10

vocal folds

Question 11

how does the voiced sounds occur

Answer 11

When the edges of the vocal cords are touching each other, or nearly touching, air passing through the glottis will usually cause vibration
This results of Voiced sounds /b/ /z/ /g/

Question 12

how does the voiceless sounds occur?

Answer 12

When the edges of the vocal cords aren’t touching each other, the glottis will not cause vibration .
This results of Voiceless sounds /p/ /s/ /k/

Question 13

give another name for voiced sounds

Answer 13

lenis means weak

Question 14

give another name for voiceless sounds

Answer 14

fortis

Question 15

state all the voiceless (fortis) phonemes in english

Answer 15

voiceless / fortis
/p/
/t/
/k/
/ʧ/
/f/
/Ɵ/
/s/
/ʃ/
/h/

Question 16

state all the voiced(lenis) phonemes in english

Answer 16

voiced/ lenis
/b/
/d/
/g/
/ʤ/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
/ʒ/
/m/,/ n/,/ƞ/, /w/, /j/, /l/, /r/

Question 17

what does the manner of articulation mean?

Answer 17

Manner of articulation is what happened to the air as it comes through the mouth.

Question 18

what are the types (manners) of articulation?

Answer 18

Plosive / stop 6
Fricative  8
Affricate  2
Lateral (approximant)
Trill
Nasal  3

Question 19

describe what happens to the air flow if the manner of articulation is:
plosive

Answer 19

air flow momentarily stopped, then released forcefully

/p/ /b/ /g/ /t/, /d/, /k/

Question 20

describe what happens to the air flow if the manner of articulation is:
fricative

Answer 20

friction is caused by a slight obstruction in the air stream, a narrow opening and the air rubs against the organ which causes friction. /f/ /v//s/ /z/ /Ɵ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/
{a narrow opening causes the air to rub against the organ of speech and this causes friction due to the slight obstruction of the air stream.}

Question 21

describe what happens to the air flow if the manner of articulation is:
affricate

Answer 21

a mixture between plosive and fricative; the air flow is first stopped, then released with friction
/ʧ/ /ʤ/

Question 22

describe what happens to the air flow if the manner of articulation is:
lateral (approximant)

Answer 22

air flows through the sides of the tongue making contact with the alveolar ridge
/l/

Question 23

describe what happens to the air flow if the manner of articulation is:
trill

Answer 23

a series of rapid closures between 2 articulators

/r/

Question 24

describe what happens to the air flow if the manner of articulation is:
nasal

Answer 24

The soft palate is lowered so the airstream flows through the nasal passage /n/ /m/ /ƞ/ /n+g/

Question 25

English plosives have three articulatory positions for the 6 Plosives state them.

Answer 25

bilabial: /p/, /b/ - pat, bat (lips) alveolar: /t/,/d/ - ten, den (alveolar ridge) velar: /k/,/g/ - cap, gap (velar ridge)

Question 26

describe the place of articulation ,manner of articulation and the voicing for the phoneme /p/ in (pan)

Answer 26

place of articulation : bilabial manner of articulation: plosive voicing: voiceless

Question 27

they are set of possible spoken sounds used to pronounce one single phoneme.

Answer 27

Allophones

Question 28

they are variations of phonemes and They are written in brackets.

Answer 28

allophones

Question 29

the smallest contrastive linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning.

Answer 29

phoneme

Question 30

[h] and [=] are called

Answer 30

diacritics

Question 31

define aspiration

Answer 31

aspiration is a process of adding an extra puff of air to a sound. The aspiration rule in English says to aspirate (process) voiceless stops (sounds) at the beginning of a word.

Question 32

what are the voiceless plosives that become aspirated when they appear in the initial position?

Answer 32

p, t, k | /p/

Question 33

p, t, k may be preceded by...

Answer 33

s

Question 34

what are the Allophonic variations of Plosives

Answer 34

1) Aspirations (Voiceless plosives) 2) Devoicing (with voiced plosives) 3) Inaudible Plosion (when two plosives come in sequence)