Volcanic Eruption Case Study - Montserrat Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Volcanic Eruption Case Study - Montserrat Deck (24)
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1
Q

What is the nae of the volcano on Montserrat?

A

The Chances Peak Volcano (Soufriere Hills)

2
Q

Where is Montserrat?

A

In the Caribbean, close to the equator

3
Q

What type of plate margin was the volcano formed by?

A

Destructive, where the North America and Caribbean plats meet.

4
Q

When did the volcano erupt?

A

25th June 1997

5
Q

How many people had to leave the island?

A

Over 70% of the 11,000 residents

6
Q

What happened to many of the houses on Montserrat?

A

They were buried under 40ft of ash

7
Q

How many people died?

A

19

8
Q

How much of the island was placed in an ‘exclusion zone’?

A

Over half, including the capital city, Plymouth.

9
Q

How much of the island was left uninhabitable?

A

2/3

10
Q

What effect did pyroclastic flows have on the island?

A

They extended the coastline into the sea.

11
Q

What other natural hazards did the volcano emit?

A

Lahars (mud flows) and huge quantities of ash.

12
Q

How much material was released by the volcano?

A

4.5 million m2

13
Q

What happened to the capital city of Plymouth?

A

It was buried under 12m of mud and ash

14
Q

What happened to 2/3 of homes on the island?

A

They were destroyed by pyroclastic flows, along with 20 villages

15
Q

How were social facilities impacted?

A

Schools, hospitals, the airport and the port were all destroyed

16
Q

How were farmers affected?

A

Large areas of vegetation and farmland were destroyed

17
Q

How was the economy disrupted?

A

Tourists stayed away, and many businesses were destroyed, resulting in a loss of income

18
Q

What happened to the island’s population?

A

8000 of the island’s 12,000 residents have left since the eruptions began in 1995

19
Q

How has the volcano had an effect on tourism in recent years?

A

More tourists have been coming to see the volcano

20
Q

Which buildings were destroyed by secondary effect fires?

A

Government offices, the police headquarters and petrol stations

21
Q

How did the UK provide aid?

A

£17 million was provided in emergency aid, as Montserrat is an overseas territory

22
Q

How has the UK provided aid for development since the eruption?

A

£41 million was provded to develop the north of the island, new docks, and airport and houses have already been built

23
Q

How has the island worked to improve predictions of eruptions?

A

The Montserrat Volcano Observatory has been set up

24
Q

Why were farmers and remaining farmland put under stress?

A

They had to produce as much food as possible, because the airport and port had been destroyed