Volcanic hazards

Question 1

What are the three classifications of volcanoes

Answer 1

• Active
• Dormant
• Extinct

Question 2

What is an active volcano

Answer 2

A volcano that has erupted in living memory

Question 3

What is a dormant volcano

Answer 3

A volcano that has erupted in historic record but not for a longtime and is expected to erupt again

Question 4

What is an extinct volcano

Answer 4

A volcano that will not erupt again

Question 5

What is an example of a dormant volcano

Answer 5

Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Question 6

What is an example of an extinct volcano

Answer 6

Ben Nevis, Scotland

Question 7

What is an example of an active volcano

Answer 7

Mount Etna, Italy

Question 8

What is a hotspot

Answer 8

Hotspots are areas of volcanic activity that are not related to plate boundaries as they are located in the middle of plates

Question 9

What are the five types of volcanoes

Answer 9

• Fissure volcano
• Shield volcano
• Dome volcano
• Ash and cinder volcano
• Caldera volcano

Question 10

What are the two constructive volcanoes

Answer 10

• Fissure volcanoes
• Shield volcanoes

Question 11

What are the three destructive volcanoes

Answer 11

• Dome volcanoes
• Ash and cinder volcanoes
• Caldera volcanoes

Question 12

What is an example of a fissure volcano

Answer 12

Giants Causeway, N. Ireland

Question 13

What is an example of a shield volcano

Answer 13

Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Question 14

What is an example of a dome volcano

Answer 14

Mount St. Helens, USA

Question 15

What is an example of a ash and cinder volcano

Answer 15

Mount Etna, Italy

Question 16

What is an example of a caldera volcano

Answer 16

Mount Mazama, USA

Question 17

Describe what a fissure volcano is

Answer 17

• Occurs when two plates move apart
• Lava is ejected through fissures
• Normally composed of Basalt
• Slow cooling of the lava produces columnar jointing
• Lava fills up holes rather than creating a dome shape

Question 18

Describe what a shield volcano is

Answer 18

• Lava flows from a central vent
• Lava spreads over a large area by solidifying
• Results in a cone with long gentle sides
• Volcano made up of many layers

Question 19

Describe what a dome volcano is

Answer 19

• Lava flows from a central vent
• Acid lava quickly solidifies
• Steep sided convex cone
• Made up of many layers

Question 20

Describe what an ash and cinder volcano is

Answer 20

• Fine ash and cinder is ejected from a central vent
• Layers of ash and cinder build up
• Shallow sided concave sides
• Volcano made up of many layers

Question 21

Describe what a caldera volcano is

Answer 21

• Gas builds up in the magma chamber causing an explosion
• Sides of the crater subside
• Craters can be flooded by the sea creating lagoons

Question 22

What are the six volcanic hazards

Answer 22

• Pyroclastic flow / Nuee Ardente
• Tephra
• Mudflow / Lahar
• Gases and acid rain
• Lava flow

Question 23

What is pyroclastic flow / nuee ardente

Answer 23

dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing at great speed

Question 24

What are the impacts of pyroclastic flow / nuee ardente

Answer 24

• Destruction
• Death and injury
• Climate change

Question 25

What is tephra

Answer 25

Rock fragments ejected from a volcano

Question 26

What are the impacts of tephra

Answer 26

- Damage to crops - Interrupts communication equipment

Question 27

What is a mudflow / Lahar

Answer 27

A destructive volcanic landslide or mudflow, consisting of a mixture of volcanic debris, mud, rock and water

Question 28

What are the impacts of a mudflow / Lahar

Answer 28

- Can cause flooding - Can melt snow and ice - Destroys roads and bridges - Highly erosive

Question 29

What is lava flow

Answer 29

streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent

Question 30

What are the impacts of lava flow

Answer 30

- Destroys homes - Destroys agricultural land

Question 31

What are the gases released into the atmosphere when a volcano erupts

Answer 31

CO2 and SO2 (carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide)

Question 32

What is bad about CO2 and SO2 being released during an eruption

Answer 32

Can react with water vapour and create acid rain The volcanic gases contribute to GHE

Question 33

What are the impacts of gases and acid rain

Answer 33

- Damage ecosystems - Cause breathing difficulties - Acid rain poison water supllies - Gas can cause death

Question 34

What are the short term responses to a volcanic eruption

Answer 34

- Evacuate people at risk - Deploy emergency services - International aid - Aid from within the country sent to hazard area

Question 35

What are the long term responses to a volcanic eruption

Answer 35

- Risk management - Alert systems - Storage of emergency food, water & aid etc - Creation of hazard maps to aid evacuations

Question 36

What are social impacts of a volcanic eruption

Answer 36

- Injuries and death - Homes destroyed from pyroclastic flow and or lava (homelessness) - Fires - Trauma

Question 37

What are environmental impacts of a volcanic eruption

Answer 37

- Ecosystems damaged / destroyed - Wildlife killed - Water acidified from acid rain - Volcanic gases contribute to GHE

Question 38

What are economic impacts of a volcanic eruption

Answer 38

- Businesses and industries destroyed/ disrupted - Jobs lost - Profit from tourist industry

Question 39

What are political impacts of a volcanic eruption

Answer 39

- Government buildings damaged / destroyed - Conflict concerning government response with food, water etc

Question 40

What is magma

Answer 40

Molten rock below the surface

Question 41

What is lava

Answer 41

Molten rock above the surface

Question 42

What are igneous rocks made from

Answer 42

Cooled magma

Question 43

What are the two main types of lava

Answer 43

- Basaltic lava - Andesitic lava