Volcanism Products and Hazards

Question 1

Characteristics of pahoehoe lava flows?

Answer 1

Higher temperature, lower viscosity, m/hr flow rate

Question 2

Characteristics of a’a lava flows?

Answer 2

Lower temperature, higher viscosity, m/day flow rate

Question 3

4 types of fragments ejected during a volcanic eruption?

Answer 3

Tephra, lapilli, block, and bomb

Question 4

What is tephra?

Answer 4

Volcanic ash: hard, abrasive, corrosive, cannot be removed by water

Question 5

What is lapilli?

Answer 5

Fragments between 2 and 64mm, when lava cools

Question 6

What is a block?

Answer 6

Pre-existing rocks shattered by an eruption

Question 7

What is a bomb?

Answer 7

Lava cools as it travels through the air, becomes stream-lines

Question 8

What is mass wasting?

Answer 8

Secondary effect - includes debris and mud flows, avalanches, and landslides

Question 9

What is lahar?

Answer 9

Mudflow composed of pyroclastic material, water, mud, and debris

Question 10

What are the 5 different methods to monitor volcanoes?

Answer 10

Tiltmeter, electronic distance measurements, remote and near imaging, gas monitoring, seismometers