volcanoes

Question 1

what do you call a rupture in the crust that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface?

Answer 1

volcano

Question 2

what is the lithosphere?

Answer 2

The layer of the earth which contains the brittle crust and the upper mantle

Question 3

what is magma?

Answer 3

a mixture of molten and semi-molten rock found under the surface

Question 4

what type of magma is low in silica and what is its silica content?

Answer 4

basaltic + 45-55%

Question 5

it describes the thickness and stickiness of a fluid

Answer 5

viscosity

Question 6

what does it mean if something has a high viscosity?

Answer 6

it means it is thick and sticky; something akin to honey

Question 7

The layer of earth that lies below the lithosphere and is about 80-200km below the surface

Answer 7

asthenosphere

Question 8

what are pyroclastic materials

Answer 8

solid fragments of lava, rock, glass, and ash ejected from a volcano

Question 9

where is magma stored?

Answer 9

magma chamber

Question 10

what is lava?

Answer 10

magma when it reaches the earth

Question 11

its high viscosity magma caused it to form a tall, steep, and conical shape

Answer 11

stratovolcano

Question 12

what is a divergent plate boundary?

Answer 12

when two plates diverge from each other

Question 13

what do you call it when two plates converge together?

Answer 13

convergent!!!!

Question 14

what is ash?

Answer 14

the smallest type of tephra

Question 15

what do you call the largest type of tephra?

Answer 15

blocks

Question 16

peanits??

Answer 16

yes!!!!

Question 17

this type of magma is usually 1000-1200ºC in temperature and therefore is effusive

what type of rock does it form into?

Answer 17

basaltic

Question 18

list the 3 factors affecting viscosity

Answer 18

1. temperature
2. composition
3. dissolved gas content

Question 19

this type of magma has 55-65% silica and is around 800-1000ºC in temperature

therefore, it also has a moderate viscosity, allowing it to be either effusive or explosive

Answer 19

andesitic

Question 20

• 650-800ºC in temperature, making it high viscosity and makes explosive eruptions

its silica content is 65-75%

Answer 20

rhyolitic

Question 21

what is a conduit

Answer 21

a passageway for magma to travel to the earth’s surface

Question 22

what do you call the highest peak of a volcano?

Answer 22

summit

Question 23

what is a crater?

Answer 23

the funnel-shaped opening at the top of the volcano that surrounds the vent

Question 24

what do you call the part of the volcano that collapsed into itself?

Answer 24

caldera

Question 25

what is a vent?

Answer 25

the opening through which magma, gases, and volcanic ash are ejected

Question 26

what do you call the degree/slant of a volcano?

Answer 26

slope

Question 27

what are shield volcanoes?

Answer 27

a slightly dome-shaped, short volcano formed usually from divergent plate boundaries and has highly fluid, effusive explosions

Question 28

what do you call a small, steep volcano with short lived, small, explosive eruptions hint: when it cools, it makes a material called cinder

Answer 28

cinder cone

Question 29

what type of eruption has no magma involved?

Answer 29

phreatic / hydrothermal

Question 30

what type of eruption has high viscosity magma (andesitic, rhyolitic), which traps gases making for a violent release of gases and magma

Answer 30

explosive

Question 31

what if not explosive?!???!?

Answer 31

effusive!!!

Question 32

what eruption occurs due to the contact between magma and water which then causes large columns of ash and sideway emission of pyroclastics

Answer 32

phreatomagmatic

Question 33

what is the most powerful eruption type?

Answer 33

plinian

Question 34

what is a vulcanian eruption?

Answer 34

an explosive, highly viscous eruption caused by trapped gases in the magma

Question 35

what is a strombolian eruption?

Answer 35

periodic, weak and silly eruption with low viscosity (can make lava fountains) and has small, frequent outbursts

Question 36

what do you call the 2nd smallest tephra that is about the size of a walnut?

Answer 36

lapilli

Question 37

what do you call rounded fragments of cooled magma?

Answer 37

lava rock

Question 38

what is a pumice?

Answer 38

a lightweight, silly little cooled piece of lava formed during an explosive eruption