Volcanos Flashcards
(24 cards)
Frequency definition
How often volcanoes erupt
How is the magnitude of a volcano measured?
Using the volcanic explosivity index from 0-8 based off of how high material is ejected
How can a volcanic eruption be predicted?
By monitoring earthquakes or changes in the shape of the volcano
What are the characteristics of volcanoes on destructive plate margins?
Cone volcanoes due to cooler and more viscous lava
Blockages in volcanic vets lead to pressure building up and subsequently an eruption
Rare, short lived eruptions
What are the characteristics of volcanoes on constructive plate margins?
Forms shield volcanoes
Hot lava with low viscocity
Long frequent volcanoes which aren’t violent
What are pyroclastic flows?
A mixture of super heated gas, ash and volcanic rock that flows down the side of a volcano
What are nuée ardentes?
Pyroclastic flow
What are lava flows?
Lava flowing down the side of a volcano from a volcanic vent
What are the volcanic gases?
Releases of CO2 and sulfur dioxide
How are the volcanic gases hazardous?
CO2 can lead to climate change and whatnot
Sulfur dioxide can cause breathing difficulties
What are mudflows?
A secondary hazard when volcanic matter mixes with water and flows, potentially covering people and bulidings
What are lahars?
Mudflows
What is ash fallout?
Matter ejected into the air during an eruption
Why is ash bad to inhale?
It can cause cancer
What is tephra?
Debris ejected from a volcano
What is acid rain?
Rain that reacts with sulfur dioxide to form sulfuric acid
What are the political impacts of volcanoes?
Repair costs
Unrest
What are the social impacts of volcanoes?
Deaths
Loss of infrastructure
Homelessness
What are the environmental impacts of volcanoes?
Damage to ecosystems
Acid rain removes nutrients from soil
Gases can contribute towards global warming
Ash clouds can prevent sunlight from reaching earth e.g. 1816 Tambora eruption
What are the economic impacts of volcanoes?
Destruction of businesses and shops
Cost of rebuilding infrastructure
Disaster tourism
How can volcanic hazards be prevented?
Stopping the use of land around a volcano
How can volcanic hazards be prepared for?
Monitoring of when an eruption may occur
Exclusion zone
Evacuation plan
Search and rescue teams on standby
How can volcanic hazards be adapted for?
Buildings can be strengthened to withstand ashfall
What are the benefits of volcanoes on society?
Fertile soils
Increased tourism
