Volume 1 文法 Flashcards

1
Q

専攻は日本語です

A

(My) major is the Japanese language.

[senkou wa] < [Nihon-go] des-u >

L1 [pp 41-42 #1] X は Y です

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2
Q

今何時ですか。

A

What time is it?

< {nan-ji} des-u > ka

L1 [pp 42-43 #2] Question Sentences

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3
Q

たけしさんの電話番号

A

Takeshi’s phone number

[ [Takeshi-san no] denwa-bangou]

L1 [p43 #3] Noun1 の Noun2

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4
Q

これは幾らですか。

A

How much is this?

[kore wa]

L2 [p60 #1] これ / それ / あれ / どれ

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5
Q

郵便局はどこですか。

A

Where is the post office?

< [doko] des-u > ka

L2 [p62 #3] ここ / そこ / あそこ / どこ

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6
Q

その時計は3千円です。

A

That watch (in your hand) is 3,000 yen.

[sono tokei wa]

L2 [p61 #2] この / その / あの / どの + Noun

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7
Q

これは誰のかばんですか。

A

Whose bag is this?

< [ [dare no] kaban] des-u > ka

L2 [p62 #4] だれの Noun

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8
Q

たけしさんは日本人です。
ゆいさんも日本人です。

A

Takeshi is a Japanese person.
Yui is Japanese, too.

[Yui-san mo] < [Nihon-jin] des-u >

L2 [pp 62-63 #5] Noun も

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9
Q

山田さんは学生じゃないです。

A

Mr. Yamada is not a student.

[Yamada-san wa] < [gakusei] ja nai des-u >

L2 [pp 63-64 #6] Noun じゃないです

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10
Q

これは肉じゃないですね。

A

This is not meat, is it?

< [niku] ja nai des-u > ne

L2 [p64 #7a] 〜ね / 〜よ

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11
Q

とんかつは魚じゃないですよ。

A

Let me assure you. “Tonkatsu” is not fish.

< [sakana] ja nai des-u > yo

L2 [p64 #7b] 〜ね / 〜よ

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12
Q

私はあした京都に行きます。

A

I will go to Kyōto tomorrow.

< [Kyouto ni] iki-masu >

L3 [p88 #2] Verb Types and the “Present Tense”

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13
Q

音楽を聞きます。

A

I listen to music.

< [ongaku wo] kiki-masu >

L3 [pp 88-89 #3a] Particles

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14
Q

うちで昼ご飯を食べます。

A

I will eat lunch at home.

< [uchi de] [hiru-gohan wo] tabe-masu >

L3 [pp 88-89 #3b] Particles

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15
Q

うちに帰ります。

A

I will return home.

< [uchi ni] kaeri-masu >

L3 [pp 88-89 #3c] Particles

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16
Q

十一時に寝ます。

A

I will go to bed at eleven.

< [ {juu-ichi ji} ni] ne-masu >

L3 [pp 88-89 #3d] Particles

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17
Q

今日学校へ行きません。

A

I will not go to school today.

[gakkyou ‘e] iki-masen

L3 [pp 88-89 #3e] Particles

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18
Q

九月に帰ります。

A

I will go back in September

[ku-gatsu ni]

L3 [p90 #4a] Time References

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19
Q

いつ行きますか。

A

When will you go?

< [itsu ] iki-masu > ka

L3 [p90 #4b] Time References

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20
Q

テニスをしませんか。

A

Will you play tennis with me?

shi-masen ka

L3 [p90 #5] 〜ませんか

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21
Q

たけしさんはあまり勉強しません。

A

Takeshi does not study much.

< amari [benkyou] shi-masen >

L3 [p91 #6] Frequency Adverbs

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22
Q

私は今日図書館で日本語を勉強します。

A

I will study Japanese in the library today.

[watashi wa] < [kyou] [toshokan de] [Nihon-go wo] benkyou shi-masu >

L3 [p91 #7] Word Order

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23
Q

晩ご飯は?

A

How about dinner?

[ban-gohan wa] ?

[pp 91-92 #8] The Topic Particle は

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24
Q

テレビがありません。

A

I don’t have a TV.

[terebi ga] < ari-masen >

L4 [pp 107-108 #1a] X があります / います

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25
日本人の友だちがいます。
I have a Japanese friend. | [...tomodachi ga] < **i**-masu > ## Footnote L4 [pp 107-108 #1b] X があります / います
26
傘はテーブルの下です。
The umbrella is under the table. | < [ [*tēburu* **no] shita**] des-u > ## Footnote L4 [pp 108-109 #2] Describing Where Things Are
27
あれは日本の映画じゃなかったです。
That was not a Japanese movie. | < [...eiga] **ja nak-atta des-u** > ## Footnote L4 [p110 #3] Past Tense of です
28
メアリーさんは九時ごろうちに帰りました。
Mary returned home about nine. | kaeri-**mashita** ## Footnote L4 [p110 #4] Past Tense of Verbs
29
メアリーさんは靴を買いました。 メアリーさんはかばんも買いました。
Mary bought shoes. Mary bought a bag, too. | [kaban **mo**] kai-mashita ## Footnote L4 [p111 #5] も
30
きのう七時間半寝ました。
(I) slept for seven and a half hours last night. | < {shichi **ji-kan** han} ne-mashita > ## Footnote L4 [p112 #6] 一時間
31
野菜がたくさんあります
There are a lot of vegetables | [yasai ga] < **takusan** ari-masu > ## Footnote L4 [p112 #7] たくさん
32
京都と大阪に行きました。
I went to Kyōto and Ōsaka. | [Kyouto **to** Oosaka ni] iki-mashita ## Footnote L4 [p113 #8a] と
33
メアリーさんはソラさんと韓国に行きます。
Mary will go to Korea with Sora. | [*Mearī*-san wa] < [*Sora*-san **to**] [Kankoku ni] iki-masu > ## Footnote L4 [p113 #8b] と
34
あまりおもしろくないです。
It is not very interesting. | < amari omo-shiro**ku nai des-u** > ## Footnote L5 [pp 132-133 #1a] Adjectives (Present Tense)
35
ひまじゃないです。
I'm not free. | < hima **ja nai des-u** > ## Footnote L5 [pp 132-133 #1b] Adjectives (Present Tense)
36
ぜんぜん難しくなかったです。
It was not difficult at all. | < muzukashi**ku nak-atta des-u** > ## Footnote L5 [pp 133-134 #2a] Adjectives (Past Tense)
37
にぎやかじゃなかったです。
It was not lively. | < nigiyaka **ja nak-atta des-u** > ## Footnote L5 [pp 133-134 #2b] Adjectives (Past Tense)
38
山下先生はこわい先生です。
Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher. | [**kowai** sensei] ## Footnote L5 [p134 #3a] Adjectives (Noun Modification)
39
京都できれいな写真を撮りました。
I took a beautiful picture in Kyōto. | [**kirei na** shashin wo] ## Footnote L5 [p134 #3b] Adjectives (Noun Modification)
40
山下先生は魚がきらいです。
Professor Yamashita dislikes fish. | [Yamashita sensei **wa**] [sakana **ga] < kirai** des-u > ## Footnote L5 [p135 #4a] 好き(な)/ きらい(な)
41
たけしさんはコーヒーが大好きです。
Takeshi likes coffee a lot. | [Takeshi-san **wa**] [*kōhī* **ga] < dai-suki** des-u > ## Footnote L5 [p135 #4b] 好き(な)/ きらい(な)
42
あそこでコーヒーを飲みましょうか。
Shall we drink coffee over there? | < [*kōhī* wo] nomi-**mashou > ka**? ## Footnote L5 [p136 #5] 〜ましょう / 〜ましょうか
43
リーさんはTシャツを三枚買いました。
Lee bought three T-shirts. | < [*tī-shatsu* wo] **{san mai}** kai-mashita > ## Footnote L5 [p136 #6] Counting
44
ちょっと教えてください
Please teach me a little. = Tell me, I need your advice. | < oshie-**te kudasai**> ## Footnote L6 [p151 #2] 〜てください
45
食堂に行って、昼ご飯を食べましょう。
Let's go to the cafeteria and have lunch. | < [...ni] it-**te** > < [...wo] tabe-mashou > ## Footnote L6 [pp 151-152 #3] Describing Two Activities
46
教科書を見てもいいですよ。
You may use [look at] the textbook. | [ < [...wo] mi-**te > mo ] < ii des-u >** yo ## Footnote L6 [p152 #4] 〜てもいいです
47
ここで写真を撮ってはいけません。
You must not take pictures here. | [ < [...wo] tot-**te > wa] < ik-e-masen >** ## Footnote L6 [p152 #5] 〜てはいけません
48
バスに乗りましょう。タクシーは高いですから。
(Because) taxis are expensive. | < takai des-u > **kara** ## Footnote L6 [p153 #6] 〜から
49
荷物を持ちましょうか。
Shall I carry your bag? | < [...wo] mochi-**mashou > ka** ## Footnote L6 [p153 #7] 〜ましょうか (Offering Assistance)
50
今、何をしていますか。
What are you doing right now? | < [nani wo] shi**te i-masu** > ka ## Footnote L7 [pp 170-171 #1] 〜ている (Action in Progress)
51
中国に行っています。
[X] has gone to / is in China | < [Chuugoku ni] it**te i-masu** > ## Footnote L7 [pp 171-172 #2] 〜ている (Result of a Change)
52
トムさんは髪が長いです。
Tom has long hair. | [*Tomu*-san **wa**] [kami **ga] < nagai** des-u > ## Footnote L7 [pp 172-173 #3] メアリーさんは髪が長いです
53
あの店の食べ物は安くて、おいしいです。
The food at that restaurant is inexpensive and delicious. | [...wa] < yasuku-**te** > < oishii des-u > ## Footnote L7 [p173 #4a] Adjective/Noun て-forms for Joining Sentences
54
ホテルはきれいで、よかったです。
The hotel was clean, and we were happy. | [...wa] < kirei **de** > < yok-atta des-u > ## Footnote L7 [p173 #4b] Adjective/Noun て-forms for Joining Sentences
55
デパートにかばんを買いに行きました。
I went to a department store to buy a bag. | [*depāto* ni] [ < [kaban wo] **ka_i > ni] iki**-mashita ## Footnote L7 [p174 #5] Verb Stem + に行く
56
私のクラスにはインドネシア人の学生が一人います。
There is one Indonesian student in our class. | [gakusei **ga] < {hito-ri} i**-masu > ## Footnote L7 [pp 174-175 #6] Counting People
57
今日、学校に行く? ううん、行かない。
Are you going to schol today? No, I'm not. | < [...ni] ik-**u** > // < ik-**anai** > ## Footnote L8 [pp 191-192 #2] Short Forms in Informal Speech
58
メアリーさんはたけしさんが好きじゃないと思います。
I don't think Mary likes Takeshi. | [ [Takeshi-san ga] < suki **ja nai > to] omoi-masu** ## Footnote L8 [pp 192-193 #3] Short Forms in Quoted Speech: 〜と思います
59
山下先生は結婚していないと言っていました。
Professor Yamashita said that he is not married. | [ < kekkon shite i-**nai > to] itte i-mashita** ## Footnote L8 [p193 #4] Short Forms in Quoted Speech: 〜と言っていました
60
ここで写真を撮らないでください。
Please don't take pictures here. | [...wo] tor-**anaide kudasai** ## Footnote L8 [p194 #5] 〜ないでください
61
たけしさんは英語を話すのが下手です。
Takeshi is not a good speaker of English. | [Takeshi-san wa] [ < [Eigo wo] hanas-u > **no ga] < heta des-u >** ## Footnote L8 [pp 194-195 #6] Verb のが好きです / 上手です
62
だれが沖縄に行きましたか。
Who went to Okinawa? | [dare **ga**] < [...ni] iki-mashita > ka ## Footnote L8 [pp 195-196 #7] The Subject Particle が
63
猫が何か持ってきました。
The cat has brought something. | [neko ga] < [**nani-ka**] motte ki-mashita > ## Footnote L8 [p196 #8] 何か and 何も
64
忙しくなかった。ひまだった。
I wasn't busy. I had free time. | < isogashiku **nak-atta** > // < hima **d-atta** > ## Footnote L9 [pp 214-215 #2] Past Tense Short Forms in Informal Speech
65
トムさんが食べたと思います。
トムさんが食べたと思います。 | [ [*Tomu*-san ga] to] omoi-masu** ## Footnote L9 [p215 #3] Past Tense Short Forms in Quoted Speech: 〜と思います
66
ヤスミンさんは昼ご飯を食べなかったと言っていました。
Yasmin said that she didn't have lunch. | [ < [hiru-gohan wo] tabe-**nakatta > to] itte i-mashita** ## Footnote L9 [pp 215-216 #4] Past Tense Short Forms in Quoted Spech: 〜と言っていました
67
あそこで写真を撮っている学生はロバートさんです。
The student taking pictures over there is Robert. | [ < [asoko de] [shashin wo] **totte i-ru** > gakusei wa] ## Footnote L9 [p216 #5] Qualifying Nouns with Verbs and Adjectives
68
もう宿題をしました。
I have already done the homework. | **mou** [shukudai wo] shi-**mashita** ## Footnote L9 [p217 #6a] もう〜ました and まだ〜ていません
69
まだ宿題をしていません。
I have not done the homework yet. | **mada** [shukudai wo] shi**te i-masen** ## Footnote L9 [p217 #6b] もう〜ました and まだ〜ていません
70
寒かったから、出かけませんでした。
We didn't go out, because it was cold. | < samuk-atta > **kara** ## Footnote L9 [pp 217-218 #7] Explanation から、Situation
71
中国のほうが日本より大きいです。
China is larger than Japan. | [ [Chuugoku **no] hou ga**] < [Nihon **yori**] ookii des-u > ## Footnote L10 [p234 #1] Comparison between Two Items
72
季節の中でいつがいちばん好きですか。
What season do you like best? | [ [...**no] naka de**] [itsu ga] < **ichiban**-suki des-u > ka ## Footnote L10 [pp 234-235 #2] Comparison among Three or More Items
73
私は黒いセーターを持っています。 赤いのも持っています。
I have a black sweater. I have a red one, too. | [ [akai **no] _ mo**] motte i-masu ## Footnote L10 [pp 235-236 #3] Adjective/Noun + の
74
山下先生はあした大学に来ないつもりです。
Professor Yamashita does not intend to come to school tomorrow. | [ < [...ni] konai > **tsumori] des-u** ## Footnote L10 [p236 #4] 〜つもりだ
75
日本語の勉強が楽しくなりますた。
Studying the Japanese language is fun now (though it was like torture before). | [ [...no] benkyou ga] < tanoshi**ku nari-mashita** > ## Footnote L10 [pp 236-237 #5a] Adjective + なる
76
メアリーさんは前より日本語が上手になりました。
Mary has become better in Japanese than before. | [Nihon-go ga] < [jouzu **ni] nari-mashita** > ## Footnote L10 [pp 236-237 #5b] Adjective + なる
77
どこかへ行きましたか。 いいえ、どこへも行きませんでした。
Did you go anywhere? No, I didn't go anywhere. | [doko-**ka 'e**] // [doko **'e mo**] ## Footnote L10 [p237 #6] どこかに / どこにも
78
日本語で話しましょう。
Let's talk in Japanese. | [Nihon-go **de**] ## Footnote L10 [p238 #7] で
79
あの人に会いたくないです。
I don't want to see that person. | < [...hito ni] ai-**taku** nai des-u > ## Footnote L11 [pp 258-259] #1 〜たい
80
踊ったり、音楽を聞いたりするのが好きです。
I like dancing, listening to music, and so forth. | [ < odot**tari**, [...wo] kii**tari suru** > no ga] ## Footnote L11 [pp 259-260 #2] 〜たり〜たりする
81
富士山に登ったことがあります。
I have had the experience of climbing Mt. Fuji. | [ < [Fuji-san ni] nobot-ta > **koto ga**] ## Footnote L11 [p260 #3] 〜ことがある
82
バスが来なかったんです。
(As it happens,) the bus didn't come. | [ < k-onakatta > **n] des-u** ## Footnote L12 [pp 276-277 #1] 〜んです
83
早く起きすぎました。
I got up too early. | < hayaku oki-**sugi-mashita** > ## Footnote L12 [278 #2a] 〜すぎる
84
この町は静かすぎます。
This town is too quiet. | < shizuka-**sugi-masu** > ## Footnote L12 [278 #2b] 〜すぎる
85
もっと野菜を食べたほうがいいですよ。
You'd better eat more vegetables. | [ < motto [...wo] tabe-**ta > hou ga] < ii des-u >** ## Footnote L12 [278 #3a] 〜ほうがいいです
86
授業を休まないほうがいいですよ。
It is better not to skip classes. | [ < [...wo] yasum-**anai > hou ga] < ii des-u >** ## Footnote L12 [p278 #3b] 〜ほうがいいです
87
宿題がたくさんあったので、きのうの夜、寝ませんでした。
I did not sleep last night, because I had a lot of homework. | [ [...ga] < takusan at-ta > **no de**] ## Footnote L12 [p279 #4a] 〜ので