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body system > Voluntary > Flashcards

Voluntary Flashcards

1
Q

Voluntary

A

muscle action that is under your control

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2
Q

involuntary

A

muscle action that is not under your control

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3
Q

Tendons

A

strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscle to your bones

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4
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn

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5
Q

Tendonitis

A

inflammation of the tendons

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6
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

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7
Q

ligaments

A

a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint

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8
Q

fracture

A

to crack or break a bone

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9
Q

cartilage

A

a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue found in joints as well as ear, nose, rib cage, etc.

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10
Q

Joint

A

a place in which two or more bones meet

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11
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

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12
Q

Artery

A

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

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13
Q

Capillary

A

a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue

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14
Q

Vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

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15
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins

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16
Q

Systemic circulation

A

the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

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17
Q

Blood pressure

A
  • the amount of pressure it takes each heartbeat to pump blood through the arteries
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18
Q

stroke

A

when blood vessels in the brain become clogged or ruptures, resulting in no oxygen to the brain

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19
Q

atherosclerosis (high cholesterol)

A

atherosclerosis (high cholesterol)

20
Q

Heart attack

A

when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart becomes damaged

21
Q

Heart failure

A

when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

22
Q

Pharynx

A

the passageway from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

23
Q

Respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration

24
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe, the tube that connects the lungs and larynx

25
Q

Diaphragm

A

a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs

26
Q

Digestive system

A

the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body

27
Q

Chemical digestion

A

occurs when large molecules are broken down into nutrients

28
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food

29
Q

Esophagus

A

a long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

30
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the esophagus, forcing food down into the stomach

31
Q

Stomach

A

the sac-like digestive organ between the esophagus and the small intestine that breaks down food into a liquid by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids

32
Q

Pancreas

A

an oval organ that lies behind the stomach and that make digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels

33
Q

Small intestine

A

located between the stomach and large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed

34
Q

Liver

A

the largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars

35
Q

Large intestine

A

the wider and shorter portion of the intestine that removes water from mostly digested food and that turns the waste into semi solid feces, or stool

36
Q

Central Nervous system

A

(CNS) the brain and spinal cord

37
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

(PNS) all of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord

38
Q

Neuron

A

a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses

39
Q

Nerve

A

a collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and other parts of the body

40
Q

brain

A

the organ that is the main control center of the nervous system

41
Q

cerebrum

A

the largest part of your brain where thoughts and memories are stored; this portion of the brain also controls voluntary movement

42
Q

cerebellum

A

second largest part of the brain; processes sensory information from your body (i.e. skeletal, muscles, and joints)

43
Q

medulla

A

part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; controls involuntary processes

44
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)

45
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

composed of neurons that control body functions that operate automatically (i.e. digestion, heart rate)

46
Q

Lymph

A

the fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

47
Q

Lymphocytes

A

a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

body system (1 decks)

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