Voluntary Motion And Basal Ganglia - 4/26 Karius

Question 1

Information from VIP goes to where?

Fx?

Answer 1

F4

Creates a detailed map of the space around you (excited by proximity)

Question 2

What does the superior parietal cortex do?

Answer 2

Provides information about where you are in space

Question 3

Input from superior parietal cortex goes where?

Fx?

Answer 3

F2

Map of where your arm is in relationship to your body and the things around you

Question 4

The anterior intraparietal area and PFG contains neurons that respond to?

Answer 4

Seeing an object to grasp (visually Dom)
Grapsing an object (motor Dom)
Either condition (visuomotor neurons)

Question 5

The anterior intraparietal area and PFG relay their info to where?

Answer 5

F5

Question 6

What do the F5 neurons fire with?

Answer 6

The goal NOT the motor act

Question 7

The Premotor cortex receives sensory info from where?

Fx?

Answer 7

F4 and F5 - the ventral parts

IDs the intent of the motion and decides what motion to produce

Question 8

The dorsal part of the Premotor cortex does what?

Answer 8

Applies the rules that determine whether it is appropriate to move

Question 9

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is responsible for what?

Pre-SMA responsible for what?

Answer 9

Postural control

Plans the motor program required to make the action occur

Question 10

Fx of the supplementary motor cortex?

Answer 10

Organize motor sequences and acquire motor skills

Executive control (switch strategies)

Question 11

Give 3 characteristics about the primary motor cortex

Answer 11

Precentral gyrus
Controls specific movements
Arranged in columns

Question 12

What layer of the primary motor cortex receives sensory input (Muscle and joint proprio)?

Answer 12

Layer 4

Question 13

What layer becomes the output for the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway?

Answer 13

Layer 5

Question 14

What are the 2 kinds of columns?

Answer 14

On/off for agonist muscle

Off/on for the antagonist muscle

Question 15

What are the roles of the cerebellum?

Answer 15

Sequence complex actions
Correct force/direction
Balance and eye movements
Learning of complex actions

Question 16

Where is the spinocerebellum located?

Fx?

Answer 16

Centrally on either side of the vermis

Central - postural control
Either side - Force and direction

Question 17

Where is the cerebrocerebellum located?

Fx?

Answer 17

Lateral regions

Plan complex motions
Sequence

Question 18

Whereas the vestibulocerebellum?

Fx?

Answer 18

bottom

Balance/eye movements that are PLANNED (future)

Question 19

Outputs from cerebellum are via where?

Answer 19

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 20

What is the sensory info to the vermis of the spinocerebellum?

Outputs to where?

Answer 20

Vestibular, auditory, and efferent copy

FIR
Fastigial n, Interpositus n., to rubrospinal tract

Question 21

The lateral part of the spinocerebellum controls what?

Also what?

Answer 21

Force and direction

Ballistic motions

Question 22

Inputs to lateral parts of spinocerebellum?

Outputs?

Answer 22

Muscle afferent and efferent copy

Interpositus n. To rubrospinal tract

Question 23

Cerebrocerebellum controls what?

Inputs from where?

Outputs to where?

Answer 23

Complex motions and sequencing of rapid movements

Cereberal cortex

Dentate n. Back to cortex

Question 24

Input to vestibulocerebellum?

Outputs?

Answer 24

Vestibular apparatus (Direct or indirect)

Fastigial n. To vestibular n.
Can ascend or descend

Question 25

What part of the brain creates a rough map of the space around you?

Answer 25

VIP (ventral intra parietal area)

Question 26

Basal ganglia are involved in what?

Answer 26

Planning and programming of movement | Initiation of movement

Question 27

What makes up the striatum? Receives what?

Answer 27

Putamen and caudate nucleus Inputs to the basal ganglia

Question 28

From the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system where is input coming from? Going to where? Effects?

Answer 28

SNPC Nuclei to striatum D1(+) and D2(-)

Question 29

The intrastriatal cholinergic system is between what? Release what? Effect?

Answer 29

Nuclei of the striatum ACh Excitatory

Question 30

The Striatonigral GABA-ergic pathway is from where to where? Aka? Leads to what?

Answer 30

From striatum to the SNPR and GPi Direct pathway Initiation of movement

Question 31

Information leaves the basal ganglia via what?

Answer 31

SNPR and GPi

Question 32

Where do the SNPR and GPi project to? Release what?

Answer 32

Thalamus GABA

Question 33

Where does the striatum receive inputs from?

Answer 33

Cortex via corticostriate tract (EAA)

Question 34

What pathway is tonically active? What nt?

Answer 34

Nigrostriatal from SNPC DA

Question 35

In which pathway is the SNPR and GPi inhibited? What is released? End result?

Answer 35

Direct Less GABA in the thalamus Thalamus excites cortex, initiates movement

Question 36

With activation of the indirect pathway there is more what? What is inhibited?

Answer 36

Excitation of SNPR and GPi and more GABA released in the thalamus Thalamus is inhibited

Question 37

In the indirect pathway, where do striatal neurons synapse? What happens?

Answer 37

GPe Release more GABA and activity in GPe is DEC

Question 38

Where do GPe neurons synapse? Since GPe neurons are less active what happens?

Answer 38

Subthalamic nucleus LESS inhibition of subthalamic nucleus (uses EAA)

Question 39

Where do neurons from the subthalamic nucleus synapse? What happens when they are more active?

Answer 39

SNPR More EAA released

Question 40

What does the SNPR and GPi do when over-activated?

Answer 40

Release more GABA and inhibits the thalamus Therefore no motion

Question 41

2 major fx of association cortex?

Answer 41

Planning of complex motor actions Carrying out thought processes