VPATH 3205 - SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (1st Term Coverage - Haemic to Respiratory System)

Question 1

What are the two types of RBC disorders?

Answer 1

Abnormalities in shape and abnormalities in mass

Question 2

True or False
Horse RBCs are larger than dog’s

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which species have the smallest RBC size among mammals?

Answer 3

Goats

Question 4

Which species have a central oval nucleus and an oval shaped RBCs?

Answer 4

Avian

Question 5

Enumerate the three abnormalities in shape of RBCs

Answer 5

1. Poikilocytosis
2. Spherocytosis
3. Elliptocytosis

Question 6

This alteration indicates variable shaped rbc in circulation and represents an admixture of abnormally shaped rbc in varying occurrences.
A. Elliptocytosis
B. Spherocytosis
C. Poikilocytosis

Answer 6

C. Poikilocytosis

Question 7

These are cells with spicules

Answer 7

Acanthocytes

Question 8

Teardrop shaped rbc

Answer 8

Dacryocytes

Question 9

Sickle cells

Answer 9

Drepanocytes

Question 10

thin cells

Answer 10

Leptocytes

Question 11

fragmented RBCs

Answer 11

Schizocytes

Question 12

Target cells

Answer 12

Codocytes

Question 13

This change in shape of RBCs is associated with liver disease and disorders of lipid metabolism such as in diabetes.

Answer 13

Acanthocytes

Question 14

This red cell shape is associated with fibrotic states of the marrow, in hemolytic anemia, and in reaction to certain drugs such as phenothiazine and chloramphenicol.

Answer 14

Dacryocytes

Question 15

The origin of this red cell shape is thought to be in the pitting function involved in removing red cell inclusions.

Answer 15

Dacryocytes

Question 16

This red cell shape develops from excess membrane and in cases where there is decreased hemoglobin that results in a relative membrane increase.

Answer 16

Codocytes

Question 17

This red cell shape is associated with hemoglobinopathies, iron deficiency anemia, obstructive liver disease, and liver cirrhosis.

Answer 17

Codocytes

Question 18

This red cell shape changes result from membrane damage and the usual mechanism involved is trapping of RBCs in the circulation by fibrin seen in various vascular diseases such as thrombosis and produces this cell in circulation.

Answer 18

Schizocytes

Question 19

Their appearance in blood smears is common in vascular diseases, and in and in disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Answer 19

Schizocytes

Question 20

Schizocytes are common in which species?

Answer 20

Normal young ruminants

Question 21

Burr or Crenated cells

Answer 21

Echinocytes

Question 22

This red cell shape change can be induced by a number of chemical agents, in cases of uremia, and in neoplastic diseases such as in carcinomas.

Answer 22

Echinocytes

Question 23

This red cell shape change is thought to be based on the decrease of cell ATP, increase in calcium, and the membrane content of lysophosphatides.

Answer 23

Echinocytes

Question 24

This red cell change is associated with certain blood parasites such as malaria and in trypanosomiasis.

Answer 24

Drepanocytes

Question 25

In deer, this red cell shape is the normal shape of their RBCs.

Answer 25

Drepanocytes (Sickle cell)

Question 26

This red cell shape indicates the presence of red cells with increased central thickness and is recognized in blood smears by the high staining of centers of cells.

Answer 26

Spherocytosis

Question 27

True of False Spherocytosis are not truly spherical

Answer 27

True

Question 28

This red cell shape change denotes the circulation of invariably shaped red cells from spherical to almost rod-like.

Answer 28

Elliptocytosis

Question 29

This refers to an increase of red cell mass

Answer 29

Polycythemia / Erythrocytosis

Question 30

Other name for Erythrocytosis

Answer 30

Polycythemia

Question 31

This term is descriptive and is employed to indicate an increase in the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration.

Answer 31

Polycythemia / Erythrocytosis

Question 32

True or False An elevated packed cell volume following a decrease in plasma volume such as may occur in dehydration is considered as polycythemia

Answer 32

False

Question 33

True or False A true polycythemia occur in a disease called high altitude disease, where there occur an increase in red cell mass in cattle reared in the highlands and suddenly brought into the lowlands.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

This is a decrease in red cell mass or hemoglobin concentration

Answer 34

Anemia

Question 35

Anemia is a primary disease

Answer 35

False. Anemia, with few exception, is not a primary disease, rather develops secondary to another disorder. Anemia is a sign or a manifestation of a disease and does not constitute a specific disease diagnosis.

Question 36

Anemia is called _____ if the cells are of normal size for the species. A. Microcytic B. Normocytic C. Macrocytic

Answer 36

B. Normocytic

Question 37

Anemia is called _____ if they appear smaller. A. Microcytic B. Normocytic C. Macrocytic

Answer 37

A. Microcytic

Question 38

Anemia is called _____ if they appear larger. A. Microcytic B. Normocytic C. Macrocytic

Answer 38

C. Macrocytic

Question 39

Normal hemoglobin A. Hypochromic B. Normochromic C. Hyperchromic

Answer 39

B. Normochromic

Question 40

Below normal hemoglobin A. Hypochromic B. Normochromic C. Hyperchromic

Answer 40

A. Hypochromic

Question 41

Average mammalian Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration or MCHC

Answer 41

33%

Question 42

there is an evident replacement of red cells

Answer 42

Regenerative anemia

Question 43

there is no evidence of red cell replacement

Answer 43

Non-regenerative anemia

Question 44

WBCs are produced in which organ A. Spleen B. Heart C. Lymph nodes D. Bone marrow

Answer 44

D. Bone marrow

Question 45

Those leucocytes that are at the bone marrow awaiting differentiation and release, including those in lymph nodes and spleen constitute. A. Marginal pool B. Marrow pool C. Circulation pool

Answer 45

B. Marrow pool

Question 46

Those leucocytes present at the margins of blood vessels A. Marginal pool B. Marrow pool C. Circulation pool

Answer 46

A. Marginal pool

Question 47

Those leucocytes that are carried in the circulation A. Marginal pool B. Marrow pool C. Circulation pool

Answer 47

C. Circulation pool

Question 48

An increase in the number of circulating leucocytes

Answer 48

Leucocytosis

Question 49

True or False A leucocytopenia is seen where there occur an active infection, non-fatal intoxication causing widespread tissue damage, in neoplastic diseases, in events of hemolysis, in severe hemorrhages and trauma, and in hypersensitivity states.

Answer 49

False. Leucocytosis

Question 50

a decrease in leucocyte count

Answer 50

leucopenia

Question 51

True or False Leucopenia reflects a disease of bone marrow that is unable to produce white blood cells to populate the marginal and the circulating pool.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

This may be due to degeneration, depression, depletion, or destruction of bone marrow

Answer 52

Leucopenia

Question 53

This term is used when all WBCs are decreased

Answer 53

Panleucopenia

Question 54

This organ produces platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes such as the lymphocytes and monocytes. A. Spleen B. Bone marrow C. Thymus D. Lymph nodes

Answer 54

B. Bone marrow

Question 55

This organ has a very large functional reserve and is able to respond to the requirements of most disease situations for its cellular elements.

Answer 55

Bone marrow

Question 56

What is the color of the bone marrow of young animals?

Answer 56

Red (dynamic activity)

Question 57

What is the color of the bone marrow of adult animals?

Answer 57

Yellow (fatty)

Question 58

This shows transformation of the bone marrow into a jelly-like mass, and this is fairly common in starvation, wasting diseases, and severe parasitic infections. A. Myeloid hyperplasia B. Fat resorption C. Pancytopenia D. Marrow aplasia

Answer 58

B. Fat resorption

Question 59

Occur when there is increased production at the expense of other cell lines following increased demands such as may occur in various infections. A. Myeloid hyperplasia B. Fat resorption C. Pancytopenia D. Marrow aplasia

Answer 59

A. Myeloid hyperplasia

Question 60

A bone marrow change that result from irradiation, chemical and bacterial toxins, chronic administration of some drugs such as chloramphenicol and intoxications such as bracken fern poisoning. A. Myeloid hyperplasia B. Fat resorption C. Pancytopenia D. Marrow aplasia

Answer 60

C. Pancytopenia or D. Marrow aplasia

Question 61

It is the abnormal proliferation of fibroblast on bone marrow and is thought to be a part of the repair process and as a consequence of hemolytic anemia.

Answer 61

Myelofibrosis

Question 62

Metastasis of neoplastic cells to the bone marrow is called A. Myelopthisis B. Myelodysplasia C. Dysmyelopoiesis D. Myelofibrosis

Answer 62

A. Myelopthisis

Question 63

A bone marrow retrogressive change that involves faulty maturation, development and cell division of marrow cells. This result to the presence of blast cells in circulation and is seen in various disease conditions where there is increased demands for replenishment of red and white blood cells. A. Myelopthisis B. Myelodysplasia C. Dysmyelopoiesis D. Myelofibrosis

Answer 63

B. Myelodysplasia or C. Dysmyelopoiesis

Question 64

This refers to the abnormal proliferation of marrow cells and may include myelodysplasia and neoplasia.

Answer 64

Myeloproliferative disorder

Question 65

It is characterized by the presence of a large number of neoplastic cells of myeloid origin commonly called leukemia.

Answer 65

Myeloproliferative disorder

Question 66

a large number of neoplastic cells of myeloid origin

Answer 66

leukemia

Question 67

It is the single largest component of the reticuloendothelial system. Spleen Kidney Liver bone marrow

Answer 67

Spleen

Question 68

Temporary holding site for both T and B-lymphocytes.

Answer 68

Spleen

Question 69

An enlargement of the spleen

Answer 69

Splenomegally

Question 70

True or False Diffuse splenomegally occur following inflammation of the spleen itself.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

True or Flase In right-sided congestive heart failure, blood is dammed on the lungs.

Answer 71

False. Blood is dammed on the visceral organs.

Question 72

This condition of spleen is a common accompaniment of bacterial septicemias and systemic viral infections. Splenomegally Splenitis

Answer 72

Splenitis

Question 73

True or False Atrophy of the spleen occurs in animals that died of severe blood loss.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

They filter blood of excess fluid, with the excess fluid channeled back onto the circulation.

Answer 74

Lymph nodes

Question 75

They serve as temporary holding sites for migrating cells of the immune system, in particular, the T-lymphocytes that participate in immune surveillance.

Answer 75

Lymph nodes

Question 76

This term is a non-specific term applied to enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Answer 76

Lymphadenopathy

Question 77

This term refers to the reduction in the size of the lymph node seen in immunodeficiency disease such as the Arab foal syndrome, and in lymphoid exhaustion

Answer 77

Senile atrophy

Question 78

True or False The lymph node is a common site for tumor metastasis.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

It is the most common tumor that involves the lymph nodes causing them to become very enlarged and firm.

Answer 79

Malignant lymphoma or lymphosarcoma

Question 80

This organ serves as the principal site for the maturation of T-lymphocytes. A. Spleen B. Bone marrow C. Thymus D. Lymph nodes

Answer 80

C. Thymus

Question 81

True or False Shortly after birth, the thymus undergo involution where the parenchyma of the thymus becomes scanty.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Agenesis or hypoplasia may occur as part of a congenital defect of what organ of which species of animal?

Answer 82

Thymus of nude mice

Question 83

A congenital defect of nude mice.

Answer 83

Agenesis of the thymus/ hypoplasia of the thymus

Question 84

True or False Atrophy of the thymus is due to iatrogenic cortisone administration, or as part of hyperadrenocortisolim.

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Primary neoplasia of the thymus includes...

Answer 85

Epithelial thymoma and Thymic lymphosarcoma.

Question 86

This condition interferes with lymphatic drainage causing hydrothorax.

Answer 86

Epithelial thymoma of thymus

Question 87

True or False The thymus is suspected to play as the primary site of the neoplasm in the case of lymphoma or lymphosarcoma.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

True or False The lymph nodes are suspected to play as the primary site of the neoplasm in the case of lymphoma or lymphosarcoma.

Answer 88

False. Thymus, not lymph nodes