VPI Flashcards by Eunice Leong

Intense anal itching, especially at night
Small white worm in poo
Long term infestation
Sleep disturbance
Trigger:
Hand / mouth transmission
Touching dirty objects

THREADWORM

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When to refer THREADWORM

Children <2 yrs old
Fever
Loss of appetite

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Treatment of THREADWORM

Mebendazole
Ovex chewable tablets / suspension
Take 1 tablet and a second tablet after 2 weeks
Take 5ml, take another 5ml after 2 weeks
Family treatment

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Advice for THREADWORM

Wash hands, scrub under nails
Keep fingernails short
Wash bedding
Do not share towels

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Localised pruritic rash on feet
Dry cough
Diarrhoea, constipation, anorexia
Return from Africa, S America, SE Asia
No wear shoe, step on soil with worm eggs

THREADWORM (REFER)
Advice: wear shoes

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Weight loss
Diarrhoea

Trigger:
Uncooked meat

TAPEWORM (refer)
Advice: avoid raw+ uncooked meat

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Itchy, like something is in your hair
Difficulty sleeping
Often raised bumps on neck
Nothing to do with poor hygiene

HEAD LICE

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Treatment of HEAD LICE

Malathion
Derbac M Liquid
Partially ovicidal and kill live lice
>6mths old
Head lice: apply to dry hair, cover all parts, leave the hair dry 12 hrs, rinse the hair with shampoo normal way, comb to remove dead lice. Repeat treatment 7 days later.

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Advice for HEAD LICE

Common in young children
Do not use medicated lotions and sprays, may irritate scalp
No need stay off school
Cannot prevent
Dimeticone lotion and benzyl alcohol do not kill live eggs
Buy detection comb
Comb the whole head of hair from roots to ends

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facial hair + armpit + chest + leg hair
black powder in underwear
tiny blood spots on underwear
itching
spread through sexual contact / fomites

PUBIC LICE

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Treatment of PUBIC LICE

Malathion
Derbac M Liquid
Partially ovicidal and kill live lice
>6mths old
Pubic lice: Apply sufficient liquid to all hairy areas including beard/mustache. Avoid any areas above neck. Leave on for at least one hour, preferably overnight, wash off and repeat after 7 days to kill newly hatched lice
Treat household members & sexual partners

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Itchy fingers, buttocks, breasts
Especially at night
Raised rash / spots
Can go back to work or school after first treatment

SCABIES

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Treatment of SCABIES

Permethrin Cream
Lyclear
Safe for children 2 months and above
Apply dry cool skin, if warm bath taken, skin should be allowed to cool before apply cream, allow whole body to cool after apply cream
Wash whole body 8-12 hrs after treatment

Malathion
Apply sufficient liquid on entire skin
Do not wash for 24 hrs
If wash off, reapply
Repeat after 7 days
Do not use more than once a week, or more than 3 consecutive days
Treat family members

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Treatment of SCABIES

Malathion
Apply sufficient liquid on entire skin
Do not wash for 24 hrs
If wash off, reapply
Repeat after 7 days
Do not use more than once a week, or more than 3 consecutive days
Treat family members

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Advice for SCABIES

Disinfect clothes & towels
Stop babies sucking lotion from their hands by putting socks/mittens
Do not have sex until complete full course of treatment
Do not share bedding, clothing, towels

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Advice for SCABIES

Disinfect clothes & towels
Stop babies sucking lotion from their hands by putting socks/mittens
Do not have sex until complete full course of treatment
Do not share bedding, clothing, towels

Appear in warm, sweaty places (top of legs, top of arms, buttocks)
Do not itch
Visual detection

TICKS

Treatment for TICKS

Remove with tweezers/tick card
Do not crush/squeeze the body
Do not leave head behind
Do not burn off

Advice for TICKS

Vacuuming, dusting, washing all beddings

Bites on face, neck, arms
Bites always occur in straight lines
Spots of blood on your bedding
Small brown spots on bedding/furniture

BED BUGS

Treatment of BED BUGS

Antihistamine for itchy (cetrizine)
Steroid cream from GP
Put cool clean cloth to help with itching
Do not scratch

Advice for BED BUGS

Wash bedding, clothing
Clean & vacuum regularly
Do not keep clutter around bed

Extremely itchy
Often around legs / feet
Bites in clusters

FLEAS

Treatment of FLEAS

Antihistamine - reduce swelling & itch
Do not scratch
Cold compress

Advice for FLEAS

Vacuuming, dusting, washing all bedding Contact local council or pest control for extermination

MMR VACCINES can give to

Woman at child-bearing age Health workers Immigrants arriving after school immunisation age Travellers to endemic areas

MMR Vaccines cannot give to

Immunocompromised children and adults Pregnant women

What is the MMR vaccine

MMR vaccine is very effective at protecting people against measles, mumps, and rubella, and preventing the complications caused by these diseases. A table showing a child's age and when the MMR vaccine is available on the NHS. Child's age Vaccine 1 year MMR (1st dose) 3 years and 4 months MMR (2nd dose) You can still ask your GP surgery for the MMR vaccine if your child has missed either of these 2 doses After 2 doses: around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella around 88% of people will be protected against mumps

Treatment of CHICKEN POX for children under 12 Should they be kept away from school?

Child under 12 → paracetamol or topical calamine to stop child scratching (scars) Yes, Stay away from others because infectious for 3-4 days (b4 blisters appear to after scabs form)

Treatment of CHICKEN POX for adults

Adults → aciclovir (antiviral med) within 1 day to reduce duration and severity

Treatment of SHINGLES Last 2 weeks, pain followed by rash and lasts after rash has gone 1. antiviral 2. analgesia 3. post0herpetic neuralgia

Aciclovir 800mg 5x day for 7-10 days Analgesia → pain (PCM, NSAIDs, opioids) → post-herpetic neuralgia (TCAs like amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin) to reduce neuropathic pain

Advice for SHINGLES

Keep rash clean and dry Cover with loose clothing Cold compress Do not share towels

Small blisters around and on lips (cold sores) Tingling, itching, burning sensation Fluid-filled sores on lower lip edges

Herpes simplex virus

Treatment of cold sores/ genital herpes

Antiviral cream zovirax 2g [P] for cold sores (HSV-1) Cream needs to be applied after tingling sensation begin Aciclovir for genital sores (HSV-2) Recommended in pregnancy to prevent congenital herpes

Advice for HERPES

Spread via vaginal/anal sex by contacting with blisters Condom can prevent as long as blister is covered Highly contagious, avoid sexual activity

Blocked nose, runny nose, sneezing Fever, headache, muscle ache Cough (2-3 weeks) Clear discharge from nose followed by thick yellow/green after 2-3 days

COMMON COLD

Treatment for COMMON COLD

Ibuprofen (NSAIDs), paracetamol, fluids Cold remedies only for >6 y/o

Advice for COMMON COLD

Reduce transmission by washing hands, covering with tissues, not sharing utensils Stop smoking

What is the HPV vaccine

HPV-6 and 11 most common strains → genital warts Flesh-coloured swelling in genital area Some warts come tgt forming cauliflower shape Itching and discomfort Bleeding with intercourse HPV-16 and 18 → cervical cancer/genital cancer