Vulnerable Populations 8/30 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Core concept of health?
-Good, fair, poor
-Demographics: age, sex, race, current and past condition
-Societal, economic conditions, geographical location, environmental effects
-Wellness, illness, disease, disability, and functioning
Major paradigms (examples) in concepts of health:
-Wellness - illness spectrum perspective
-high level wellness -> depletion of health
-quality of level -> disability, adaptation, loss of functions
-ongoing outcome of interactions between person and environment; complex biologic and social system
Developmental models of health:
-Social ecological model, includes view of individual, family, community, society
-Social determinants of health
-Adaptation and flourishing (self-actualization)
-Foundation for healthy people 2020/2030
Meaning of health:
-Philosophy of care (health promotion, health maintenance)
-System of care (health care delivery)
-Practice of care (evidence-based practice)
-Behaviors (personal health behaviors)
-Costs (health care costs)
-Insurance (Uninsured healthcare)
Historical Perspective: Before 1940
-Health = absence of disease
-infectious diseases prominent
-Physician: independent primary practitioner
-Government: start public health/welfare
Historical Perspective: 1940 to 1950s
-Health = ability to fulfill roles
-Physical for fitness
-Physicians linked to hospital services
-Increased federal role: hospital expansion, federal programs
Historical Perspective: 1960s to present
-Health = adaptation to environment
-Disease prevention/health promotion
-Emphasis on individual responsibility/lifestyle choices
-Advance practice nurses became health providers
-Government: control costs
-Quality of life seen as component of health
-Person/family perception important
-Person-centered care
Models of Health: Clinical
Absence sign/symptoms disease; prevention not emphasized
Models of Health: Role performance
Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
Models of Health: Adaptive
Ability to adapt positively to change
Models of Health: Eudaimonistic model
Exuberant well-being: interaction and interrelationships in multiple aspects of life; interdisciplinary focus
Eudaimonistic
a system of ethics that bases moral value on the likelihood that good actions will produce happiness.
Eudaimonistic model
-Aspects predate clinical model
-Congruent with integrative modes of therapy
-Address more complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
-Health is more broadly defined and can encompass more individuals and more diverse life circumstances
High-Level Wellness
-Wellness is positive state with increases in health beyond midpoint continuum
-Dunn (1961) expanded concept of health to include favorability of environment
-Progression toward a higher level of functioning
-Emphasizes interrelationship between environment and health on personal and societal level
Health Ecology
-Interconnection of people with physical/social environments
-Gordon’s functional health patterns
-Multidimensional - extending from person -> community -> society
-Systems approach - one aspect of the system can affect other aspects of the system
Key Health Concepts: Functioning
Level reflected in terms of performance/social expectations; loss is indicator of need for nursing intervention
Key Health Concepts: Health
-State of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning within developmental context
-Both individual and societal responsibility
Key Health Concepts: Disease
-Failure of adaptive mechanisms
-Results in functional or structural disturbances
Key Health Concepts: Illness
Subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease– psychological, spiritual, and social components
Planning for Health
-Previous focus was disease prevention
-Over past 30 years promotion of health has become the driving force
-Healthy people initiative started in 1979 by US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
-Call to action to set goals for next 10 years
-Interest became weaker during 1980s
-Healthy People 2000–renewed interest–became landmark document (initiated 1990)
Healthy People Initiative: Healthy People 2000
-Increase the span of healthy life
-Reduce health disparities
-Create access to prevention services for all
-Set 22 areas of achievement but by 1995, 30% of the goals lacked progress, worsened, or lacked data
Healthy People Initiative: Healthy People 2010
-Increase quality and years of healthy life
-Eliminate health disparities
-23% of objectives met, 48% showed progress, 24% worse, 5% no change
Healthy People Initiative: Healthy People 2020
-National Guidelines to Promote Health
-Define national emphasis for health-promotion and disease prevention efforts
Healthy People 2020 Four overarching goals
-Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
-Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
-Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
