w10 - Clinical Psychology #1

Question 1

What is the key aim of EBP ?

Answer 1

To know that what we do as psychologists actually works to achieve the desired outcome for our patient

Question 2

How do you define the current best evidence ?

Answer 2

Current scientific knowlege regarding the outcomes of a given psychological intervention, based on the current best practice scientific methods of inquiry

Question 2

The intergration of…

What are the three key components of EBP ?

Answer 2

the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and circumstances

Question 3

What does EST stand for, what are they ?

Answer 3

Emprically supported treatments.
- Treatments whose efficacy is supported by research findings
-

Question 4

What are clinical expertise required for ?

Answer 4

To make a judgment regarding whether specific evidence applies to the individual patient
- how to intergrate info to make clinical decision

Question 5

When assesing treatment options / settings. What needs to be considered?

Answer 5

Risk or risk ax

Question 6

5 A’s of applying evidence

Answer 6

1. Ask the question
2. Acquire the evidence
3. Appraise the evidence
4. Apply the results
5. Asses the outcomes

Question 7

What of the patient needs to be considered ?

Answer 7

Values, preferences, and characteristics

Question 8

Empirically supported treatments (EST) informs which leg of EBP ?

Answer 8

Best research treatment

other legs: clinical expertise and patient values and circumstances

Question 9

Expertise

What is a limitation of more clinical experience using ESTs

Answer 9

Ones ‘experience’ is a collection of anecdotes which can lead to cognitive biases

This may result in an over delivering of a particular EST. Weakening: *patient needs and values *

Question 10

More experience can increase risk of over-confidence. What can this result in ?

Answer 10

Therapist drift
- Miss EST’s key components
- Ignore limitations
- Over use personally liked therapies

Question 11

How do psychologists avoid therapists drift?

Answer 11

• Continue to self-reflect on practice
• Stay up-to-date with professional development

Question 12

RCT study design facilitates gather evidence regarding the …

Answer 12

effectiveness of an intervention

Question 13

What does intention to treat (ITT) analysis mean ?

Answer 13

Not just ignoring people that dropped out. Considering the people that dropped out.

Question 14

All RCT must have a …

Answer 14

Consort diagram

Question 15

What does a systematic review provide?

Answer 15

The collating and summerised findings relating to a specfic topic or questions. Done in a systematic way

Question 16

What does every systematic review have to include ?

Answer 16

A PRISMA flow diagram

Question 17

What is an addition to a systematic review that makes it stronger?

Answer 17

A meta-analysis i.e a statistical analysis of the findings identified in a systematic review

top of the evidence hierarchy

Question 18

What are reporting standards?

Answer 18

Established guidelines that indicate which informations should be included in research publications

Question 19

What does reporting standards allow for?

Answer 19

• Ensures communication of what was / was not done
• Increased transparency facilitates critical appraisal of research quality
• Filtered information beyond merely being published

Question 20

List three reasons why we should use EBP ?

Answer 20

• Responsibility of psy’ to give best tx possible
• To not deprive lient of more efficacious tx
• To not misuse client’s resources

Question 21

What is Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ?

Answer 21

Providing everyone who has experienced a trumatic event with one hour to debreif. Said to reduce chance of developing PTSD
- RCT = not effective
- Blanket debreifing not effective

This is a harmful practice

Question 22

What is publication bias?

Answer 22

Journals more likely to publish sig. or flashy findings
- career progression

Question 23

What is the replication crisis ?

Answer 23

Many significant findings non-replicable