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GEM Year 1 Part II > W139 Testes > Flashcards

W139 Testes Flashcards

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1
Q

Testicular tumour symptoms

A

painless lump, irregular. late presentation can include cough and back pain

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2
Q

Testicular tumour common cancer types

A

seminomas and teratomas

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3
Q

testicular tumour investigations

A

USS testicle
serum tumour marker a-fetoprotein and b-hcg
chest xray,
CT scan of abdominal and pelvis (to stage)

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4
Q

testicular tumour management?

A

orchidectomy with histology
radiotherapy- Mets below diaphragm
chemotherapy- wide spread Mets
sperm banking

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5
Q

prostate carcinoma symptoms?

A

bladder flow obstruction
pain due to bone metastases
irregular prostate on PR
asymptomatic

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6
Q

prostate cancer type?

A

adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

prostate cancer investigation?

A

trans-rectal USS
PASS test
endo-rectal MRI for staging

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8
Q

prostate cancer management if microscopic?

A

watch and wait

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9
Q

prostate cancer management if NOT microscopic?

A

radical prostatectomy
radiotherapy
synthetic LH analogues if Mets present
bilateral orchidectomy

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10
Q

benign prostate enlargement symptoms

A

nocturnal peeing - nocturia
urine frequency
delay in urine initiation
enlarged but smooth prostate on PR

if bladder outflow obstruction- similar to adenoma

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11
Q

Benign prostate enlargement investigations?

A

serum electrolytes and renal USS to rule out renal damage

serum PSA- can be elevated but must check for adenoma

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12
Q

benign prostate enlargement mild symptom management?

A

watch and wait

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13
Q

benign prostate enlargement moderate to severe management?

A

selective a1-adrenoreceptor antagonists eg. tamulosin

or

5a reductase inhibitors

suprapubic catheter if needed

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14
Q

what does tamulosin do?

A

relax smooth muscle and helps urination

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15
Q

what do 5a reductase inhibitors do?

A

block testosterone to DHT, to slow prostatic growth

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16
Q

what is giant condylomata?

A

hideous warty growth on penis/ ball area

rare aggressive verrucous carcinoma

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17
Q

giant condylomata investigation?

A

biopsy for histology

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18
Q

giant condylomata management?

A

chemotherapy
IFN treatment
surgical excision (best choice)

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19
Q

what is balanitis?

A

inflammation of gland penis

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20
Q

symptoms of balanitis?

A 
inflamed, non retractable foreskin
ulceration
foul smelling discharge
dysuria
impotence
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21
Q

balanitis investigations?

A

blood urine test for diabetes
Swansea for.microscopy (culture and sensitivity to drugs)

if STI potential is high refer to GUM

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22
Q

balanitis treatment

A

hydrocortisone if dermatitis
antibiotics if infective
if recurrent then circumcision

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23
Q

what is phimosis?

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A

foreskin of penis can’t be pulled back past glans

24
Q

phimosis investigation?

Study These Flashcards
A

diagnosis on examination and history only

25
phimosis treatment?
topical steroids (bethamethasone) stretch foreskin with balloons circumcision slit in foreskin
26
what on earth is 'lichen sclerosis et atrophicus'?!
whitish thickening of foreskin which can't be retracted tbh sounds pretty similar to phimosis. blehhh
27
what does lichen sclerosis et atrophicus biopsy show?
hyperkeratosis and sclerosis (it's ball in the name!)
28
lichen sclerosis et atrophicus management?
topical steroids | good hygiene
29
wtf is paraphimosis? and main symptom?
*EMERGENCY* Foreskin trapped behind glans and can't be reduced. Stops blood flow. PAIN
30
paraphimosis causes?
severe malhandling of penis also psoriasis and eczema
31
paraphimosis management?
prevented by bringing foreskin back to normal position quickly. simples. manual.manipulation first then dorsal slit (ouch) then circumcision
32
what is Peyronie's disease?
chronic inflammation of tunica albuginea lol you get it from sexual trauma
33
penile cancer symptoms?
``` redness/rash bad discharge pain growth/sore bleeding ```
34
penile cancer type?
95% squamous cell carcinoma HPV, hiv and genital warts strongly related
35
penile cancer investigations?
``` biopsy blood test (for what?) ```
36
penile cancer treatment?
surgery- laser, wide, macro, circumcision radiotherapy chemotherapy
37
what is cryptorchidism?
absence of one or both testes from scrotum at birth ie. undescended testes
38
crptorchidism investigation?
test cremaster retraction (put something cold on scrotum, does it pull up?) pelvis USS or MRI
39
cryptorchidism management?
watch and wait if young orchiopexy surgery sometimes hcg injections
40
sebaceous cyst on scrotum symptoms?
painless or painful to touch may or may not have pus lol
41
treatment of sebaceous ball cyst?
surgical removal or watch and wait
42
what is fourniers gangrene?
EMERGENCY Necrotising fasciitis of the ball/ genital area grim grim grim
43
testicular torsion symptoms?
PAIN in groin and lower abdomen nausea and vom pyrexia swelling and redness
44
what is testicular torsion?
EMERGENCY spermatic cord twists and cuts off blood supply oh noooo
45
testicular torsion investigations?
decreased cremasteric reflex physical.exam Doppler USS if in doubt
46
treatment of testicular torsion?
manual rotation of simple or SURGERY EMERGENCY
47
what is an epidydimal cyst?
a faux third testicle contains serous liquid usually painless
48
what is a varicocoele?
enlargement of venous plexus of scrotum
49
what is a varicocoele?
enlargement of venous plexus of scrotum
50
varicocoele symptoms?
drag like ache | visible enlarged veins-bag of worms
51
which testicle is usually affected by varicocoele of unknown cause?
the left due to anatomy- testicular vein and renal vein connect at 90 degrees on this side
52
varicocoele treatment?
surgery embolisation- obstruct gonadal vein so drainage occurs through collaterals
53
what causes inguinal hernia?
failure of embryonic closure of the deep inguinale ring once testes has passed through or weakening in wall
54
what is a spermatocele?
retention of cyst in a tubule of the rete testis with sperm in it painless, smooth mass
55
haematocoele what is it?
blood.in tunica vaginalis. does NOT transilluminator apparently
56
symptoms of epididymitis?
``` pain swelling warmth dysuria discharge pyrexia ```
57
epidydimitis causes?
Chlamydia most common then gonorrhea also ecoli/ cmv

GEM Year 1 Part II (8 decks)

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