W14 - Hip & Knee Anatomy

Question 1

Significance of the acatabulum’s articular surface

Answer 1

• acetabulum depth is increased by fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the TRANSVERSE ACETABULAR LIGAMENT

Question 2

Hip Flexors

Answer 2

1. ILIOPSOAS (femoral n. - iliacus, anterior rami of spinal n. L1-L3 - psoas)
   * to the lesser trochanter
2. sartorius

+tensor fasciae latae
+ gracilis
+ pectineus
+ rectus femoris

Question 3

Hip Extensors

Answer 3

1. Glut. max (inf. gluteal n. L5, S1, S2)
2. Hamstrings
   SEMITENDINOUS (tibial n. - sciatic) -medial
   SEMIMEMBRANOUS (tibial n. - sciatic) -medial
   BICEPS FEMORIS (tibial n for long head; common peroneal branch for short head) - more lateral
3. Posterior part of adductor magnus

Question 4

Hip Adductors

Answer 4

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus
Gracillis

Question 5

Hip Abductors (+ medial rotators)

Answer 5

Gluteus medius (superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1)
Gluteus minimus (" ")
Tensor fasciae latae (")

Question 6

Lateral rotators of the hip

Answer 6

Obturator internus & externus
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 7

Blood supply of hip joint

Answer 7

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries (branchess of profunda femoris art)

Question 8

Femoral head blood supply

Answer 8

The femoral head receives its blood supply primarily from the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA)

Question 9

Significance of the collateral ligaments

Answer 9

MCL - direct attachment to the meniscus

LCL - Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the FCL

Question 10

Significance of the cruciate ligaments

Answer 10

ACL - Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee

PCL - Prevents hyperflexion of the knee

Question 11

Significance of the menisci

Answer 11

• Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption

Medial meniscus: C – shaped, broader posteriorly, and adheres to the deep surface of TCL (medial collateral)

Lateral meniscus: Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus. Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the PCL

Question 12

Significance of the popliteus

Answer 12

Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee (initial flexion)

Question 13

Knee flexors

Answer 13

Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracillis
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus

Question 14

Knee extensors

Answer 14

1) Quadriceps femoris

Question 15

What innervates hip flexors

Answer 15

Femoral N. (anterior compartment)

Question 16

What innervates hip extensors

Answer 16

Sciatic N. (possterior compartment)

Question 17

What innervates Hip Abductors

Answer 17

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 18

What innervates hIp adductors

Answer 18

Obturator n.

+ alongside sciatic for adductor. magnus