W2 C4 P.P. - Carbohydrates

Question 1

Where do you find carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Primarily in plant based foods:
- Grains
- Vegetables
- Fruits
- Nuts
- Legumes

Question 2

What is the most desirable form of energy for the body?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

Why is glucose important?

Answer 3

The brain and red blood cells especially rely on glucose as a fuel source.

Question 4

How is glucose made?

Answer 4

The sun converts the sun’s energy into glucose via photosynthesis.

Question 5

What is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature?

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

How is glucose used in nature?

Answer 6

• Used as energy by plants
• Combined with minerals from soil to make other compounds (such as protein and vitamins)
• Glucose units are linked together and stored in the form of starch

Question 7

What are the categories of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Simple and complex (based on number of units joined together)

Question 8

What do simple carbohydrates contain?

Answer 8

One or two sugar units (monosaccharides and disaccharides)

Question 9

How many monosaccharides are there?

Answer 9

Three
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose

Question 10

How many disaccharides are there?

Answer 10

Three (they are monosaccharides joined together)

Question 11

Maltose

Answer 11

A disaccharide
glucose + glucose

Question 12

Sucrose

Answer 12

A disaccharide (table sugar)
glucose + fructose

Question 13

Lactose

Answer 13

A disaccharide (milk sugar)
glucose + galactose

Question 14

Complex Carbohydrates

Answer 14

Polysaccharides (long chains and branches of sugar linked together)
Ex. Starch, fiber, glycogen

Question 15

Starch

Answer 15

The storage form in plants composed of amylose and amylopectin

Question 16

Amylose

Answer 16

Straight chains of glucose units

Question 17

Amylopectin

Answer 17

Branched chains of glucose units

Question 18

Fiber is…

Answer 18

a nondigestible polysaccharide (Humans lack the digestive enzymes for breaking down fin=ber)

Question 19

Where are dietary fibers found?

Answer 19

Naturally found in food

Question 20

Where are functional fibers found?

Answer 20

Added to foods for beneficial effect

Question 21

Soluble Fiber

Answer 21

Dissolves in water and is fermented by intestinal bacteria (Often viscous and moves more slowly through the GI tract)

Question 22

Insoluble Fiber

Answer 22

Moves more rapidly through the GI tract, laxative effect

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

Is the storage form of glucose in animals
- Branched glucose similar to amylopectin
- Stored in liver and muscle cells

Question 24

What happens to glycogen when an animal dies?

Answer 24

It breaks down, making it inaccessible to humans.

Question 25

Where do you digest carbohydrates?

Answer 25

In your mouth and intestines.

Question 26

Saliva contain the amylase enzyme, which...

Answer 26

starts breaking down the amylose and amylopectin into smaller starch units and maltose.

Question 27

Where do pancreatic amylase break down the remaining starch (after saliva) into maltose?

Answer 27

In the small intestine.