W2 - Gastroesophageal Junction, Reflux, Hiatal Hernia Flashcards
What is the gastroesophageal junction?
The lower part of the esophagus where it meets the stomach
What is the normal opening pressure of the gastroesophageal junction?
16 cmH2O
Define dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Define prevalence
The portion of a population that has a condition
Define Incidence
The number of new cases occurring in a population in a specified time period
What is a hiatal hernia?
When the stomach moves up above the diaphragm
What are the two types of hiatal hernia and which is the most common?
Axial (sliding) and nonaxial (paraesophageal)
Axial is more common
What is gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)?
A chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus
Define esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophagus
Define adenocarcinoma
A cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue
What is gastric distension
A bloating of the stomach that occurs when too much air is in it. Increased intragastric pressure.
What three things cause gastric distention?
GI gas formation, aerophasia (swallowing air), and positive presure ventilation
What is aspiration?
The entry of material (such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx and lower respiratory tract
Who is at increased risk for regurgitation and, by extension, aspiration?
Patients with GERD (very high risk) or Hiatal hernia.
