W21 Psychopathology, Psychopathy, and Therapeutic Orientations Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the goal of psychoanalytic therapy?
To bring unconscious struggles into conscious awareness as it would relieve the stress of the conflict.
What is countertransference?
The therapist displacing their own emotions onto the patient.
What is transference?
The patient expressing unjustified anger toward the therapist.
What is free association (a tool in psychoanalysis)?
Whereby the patient shares all thoughts that come into mind, without attempting to organize or censor them in any way.
What are the disadvantages to psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalysis is not appropriate for patients with severe psychopathology or intellectual disability, expensive and lacks empirical evidence to support effectiveness.
What is the belief and goal of Humanistic and Person-Centered Therapy (PCT)?
The belief here is that mental health problems result from an inconsistency between patients’ behavior and their true personal identity. Therefore, the goal of PCT is to create conditions under which patients can discover their self-worth, feel comfortable exploring their own identity and alter their behavior to better reflect this identity.
What are the parts of the mind that causes tension in Sigmund Freuds psychoanalysis theory?
The id, superego and the ego
What is the goal behind Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the duration?
The goal is to alter the value a patient puts into a thought from their belief systems. These depressed thoughts come from three belief systems: beliefs about the self, beliefs about the world and beliefs about the future.
12-16 weekly sessions of brief interventions.
What is the history behind PCT?
Humanistic and Person Centered Therapy (PCT) was developed by Carl Rogers during a time of significant movements in human potential.
What are the techniques behind PCT?
A therapist’s role is to provide a safe environment, no judgments or interpretations, allowing the patient to figure it out on their own. The unconditional positive regard to never condemn nor criticize creates a safe environment where the patient can come to appreciate their value and behave in ways that are congruent with their personal identity.
Who developed CBT?
Developed by Aaron T.Beck.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of PCT?
Advantages:
Highly rewarding
Translates well to other therapeutic approaches.
Disadvantages:
Finds about the effectiveness are mixed because it is standardized instead of being specified.
What are techniques of CBT?
Exposure therapy: a patient confronts a problematic situation and fully engages in the experience instead of avoiding it.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of CBT?
Advantages: Interventions are brief, making them cost effective.
The intuitiveness of it makes the patients buy in to it.
It is specific to the patient.
Abundance of empirical support for its effectiveness.
Disadvantages:
Significant effort is needed- patient is an active participant having assigned homework.
What is Mindfulness-Based Therapy? (MBT)
Mindfulness is a therapy that focuses on one’s awareness of bodily sensations, thoughts and the outside environment. This is a process of nonjudgmentally accepting them, instead of working to change them.
What is the process of CBT?
The therapist first identifies automatic thoughts, testing their validity and replacing maladaptive thoughts with more adaptive thoughts.
What are two important components to mindfulness?
Self-regulation of attention.
Orientation toward the present moment
What are techniques of MBT?
Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
MBSR: Attention to physical experiences to reduce stress (yoga).
MBCT: Attention is focused on one’s thoughts and their associated emotions.
ACT: Observing thoughts from a detached perspective- objectively looking recognizing which are beneficial, and which are harmful.
What are cognitive bias modifications?
Video games aimed at changing patients problematic thought processes, targeting automatic, subconscious thoughts that may be difficult to direct through conscious effort.
What are advantages and disadvantages of MBT
Advantages: Acceptability and Accessibility
Disadvantages: No consensus of its efficacy of MBT.
What are the effects of pharmaceutical treatments?
Psychiatric drugs are used to treat all mental disorders but aren’t as effective as they numb the problem instead of solving it.
What was Cleckleys involvement in psychopathy?
Cleckley set up the framework for the first two editions of the official American psychiatric nosology and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
How did Cleckley identify psychopathic individuals?
He provided 16 diagnostic criteria encompassing:
Psychological stability (charm and intelligence, absence of nervousness) Symptoms of behavioral deviancy (irresponsibility, failure to plan)
Impaired affect and social connectedness (absence of remorse, deceptiveness, emotionally unavailable).
What is Cleckley’s Mask of Sanity?
The Mask of Sanity encompasses the psychopathy. An outward appearance of sanity, with deep-rooted traits that are antithetical to what is shown.
