W21 Respiratory System Flashcards
(53 cards)
What 3 structures are in the upper respiratory tract :
Nasal Cavity , pharynx and larynx
what 3 structures in the LRT
Trachea
primary bronchi
lungs
LO
influenza and SARS-COV2 infections
Types of Pneumonia
Types of Lung cancer
Influenza (flu ) virus affects what % global pop annually
10-20%
every yr 290,000 to 650,000 deaths are assoc. w seasonal influenza
recall symptoms atleast 3 of influenza
fever
chills
myalgia
sore throat
headache
fatigue
cold-like symptoms
exhaustion
What are the 4 similarities bw influenza and common cold
spread in winter
direct contact or via droplets
child (<5yrs): 5-7 per year
adult 1-2 per yr
explain structure of influenza virus (circle img w rna strands in middle snd receptors outside)
8 segments
-ve strain RNA virus (indirectly binds ribosome)
What 3 polymerase basic proteins code for the RNA dpdnt RNAP complex
PB2 + PB1 + PA (Polymerase acidic protein) {for all. influenza genome segments they code it}
What is the RNA dependant RNAP complex role
resp. for making another copy of RNA
What does the M2 protein channel do and where is it in the influenza virus structure do
in envelope of influenza ; proton conducting ch. & maintains pH across envelope during cell entry and viral maturation
How does Type A influenza differ from type B
A is animal & human resoirvoirs espc. pigs = pandemics and epidemics
B is humans only but only epidemic
C = not epidemic and only minor infection
Defintion of pandemic
infection spread through human pop across large region i.e multi contitents
Define Epidemic
rapid inf. spread to large no. in given population within short time i.e 2 weeks or less
i.e meningoccocal infections
Where did swine flu start & in what year
USA & Mexico
2009
cant spread by eating pork
H1N1 gene - combo of swine, bird and human influenza vrius
How is swine flu transmitted
dervived from strain that lived in pigs
spreads P2P contact or droplets
not swine 2 ppl
How many haemagglutin types (HA) can infect a human out of the 18 INfluenza A has
3 HA (H1-H3)
How many neuraminidase (NA) types can humans be infected by out of the 11 NA from IA
3 - N1 N2 N8 (INFECT HUMANS ONLY)
Whats haemagglutinin (HA)
binds to sialic acid sugars on surfaces of epithelial cells
Whats neuraminidase NA
enzyme that enables the virus to be released from host cell
How many NA and HA can infect birds
all unlike humans
What resoirvoir is Type C influenza in and what does it do
humans only
only minor resp.infection
not epidemic
Name the 3 influenza viruses in the seasonal vaccines
A (H3N2)
A(H1N1) - not 2009 pandemic one
Influenza B
give 70-80% protection
What influenza types can zanamivir (relenza) treatmt work against
A & B
its an NA inhibitor
What Influenza types can Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) trmt work against
A & B
NA inhibitor
