W3 Abdominal Wall & Intestines

Question 1

What are the main muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 1

Rectus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus

Question 2

Describe the position of the external obliques

Answer 2

Sit laterally and go downwards and forwards

Question 3

What is the relationship of the internal and external obliques?

Answer 3

Internal obliques sit at 90 degrees to external obliques

Question 4

What are aponeuroses?

Answer 4

sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles with wide area of attachment

Question 5

What do aponeuroses form?

Answer 5

rectus sheath

Question 6

Where do the lines of alba sit?

Answer 6

Down the midline

Question 7

How many layers of muscle is the abdomen wall composed of laterally

Answer 7

3

Question 8

Describe the anterior wall of the abdomen

Answer 8

vertical band of muscle - rectus abdominus

Question 9

How long is the rectus abdominus

Answer 9

extends from the xiphysternum to the pubic crest

Question 10

What is the rectus abdominus contained in

Answer 10

separate fascial envelope

Question 11

What is the anterior blood supply to the abdomen

Answer 11

superior and inferior epigastric arteries

Question 12

What supplies the body wall laterally

Answer 12

segmental lumbar arteries

Question 13

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall supplied with

Answer 13

successive segmental nerves from T8 to L1

Question 14

What do the segmental lumbar arteries arise from

Answer 14

abdominal aorta

Question 15

What do the abdominal muscles regulate

Answer 15

pressure within the peritoneal cavity

Question 16

What are the movements of the abdominal wall important?

Answer 16

respiration, coughing, defaecation, child birth, lifting

Question 17

What does compression of abdominal muscles aid

Answer 17

defaecation

Question 18

What does bilateral compression on both sides cause - abdomen

Answer 18

compression

Question 19

What does unilateral compression cause

Answer 19

rotation

Question 20

What is the function of the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 20

connect obliques to abdominal muscles

Question 21

What is the oesophagus connected to

Answer 21

stomach

Question 22

What is the function of the transversus abdominus

Answer 22

hold abdominal walls in

Question 23

Which is the deepest muscle in the abdomen

Answer 23

transverse abdominus

Question 24

What is the stomach followed by

Answer 24

duodenum

Question 25

What is the duodenum followed by

Answer 25

jejunum and ileum

Question 26

What is the ileum followed by

Answer 26

large intestine

Question 27

What is the large intestine composed of

Answer 27

caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus

Question 28

What is the small intestine composed of

Answer 28

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 29

What is a feature of the small intestine

Answer 29

pilcae circularis

Question 30

What are the 3 midline arteries supplying the GI tract

Answer 30

coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 31

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 31

oesophagus, stomach, part of the duodenum

Question 32

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 32

rest of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon

Question 33

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 33

last part of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 34

What are the pilcae circularis

Answer 34

folds on the small intestine

Question 35

What is the function of the pilcae circularis

Answer 35

increase surface area

Question 36

What are the characteristic features of the large intestine?

Answer 36

appendices epiploica, haustrations, taenia coli

Question 37

What are the sections of the stomach

Answer 37

fundus, body, cardia, pylorus

Question 38

What are the appendices epiploica

Answer 38

fat hanging off the large intestine

Question 39

What are haustrations

Answer 39

scallop edge on large intestine

Question 40

What are the Taenia Coli

Answer 40

3 bands of longitudinal muscle

Question 41

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 41

ONLY but ALL of the midgut

Question 42

Where does the superior mesenteric artery come off

Answer 42

L1

Question 43

What part of the digestive system contains good bacteria

Answer 43

caecum

Question 44

Why does the caecum contain good bacteria

Answer 44

prevent infections

Question 45

What is the EXACT regions of the superior mesenteric artery

Answer 45

2nd part of duodenum to 2/3rds down the transverse colon

Question 46

What is the peritoneum

Answer 46

membrane

Question 47

Name some types of peritoneum

Answer 47

visceral and parietal peritoneum, mesentery

Question 48

What are structures called that are inside the peritoneum

Answer 48

intra peritoneal

Question 49

What are the intra-peritoneal structures

Answer 49

stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, liver, gallbladder

Question 50

Describe retroperitoneal structures

Answer 50

outside the peritoneal membrane

Question 51

What are the retroperitoneal structures

Answer 51

pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, oesophagus, rectum

Question 52

Describe the mesentery

Answer 52

double layer of parietal peritoneum in which intestines are contained

Question 53

What is omphalocele

Answer 53

when developing gut sits outside the body

Question 54

What is diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 54

stomach high in chest, high mortality rate