W3 Ch.18 Flashcards
Species & Speciation
What mechanism seemed to separate the birds of paradise in New Guinea?
a. chromosomal differences
b. different mating rituals
c. geographic isolation
d. mechanical differences between species
c. geographic isolation
The habitats of birds of paradise are on the mountains in New Guinea. What separate the habitats?
a. areas of unsuitable land
b. fierce predators
c. oceans
d. rivers and lakes
a. areas of unsuitable land
How did Ernst Mayr, the scientist from the New Guinea study on birds of paradise, know that the natives understood speciation?
a. because they have a museum with many catalogued specimens
b. because they have individual names for many of the species
c. because they have many biologists in New Guinea that studied the speciation
d. because they helped to achieve the speciation
b. because they have individual names for many of the species
Which of the following would the morphological species concept relate to more?
a. prezygotic isolation, if only animal species are concerned
b. postzygotic isolation, if only plant species are concerned
c. both prezygotic and postzygotic isolation
d. depends on the species used for the study
d. depends on the species used for the study
How would an example of the morphological species concept be achieved?
a. by doing a genetic analysis on the two organisms
b. by looking at the appearance of two organisms
c. by mating the two organisms to see if viable offspring result
d. by observing the mating rituals of the two organisms
b. by looking at the appearance of two organisms
The morphological approach to speciation is prone to misinterpretation. Which of the following is NOT a misinterpretation?
a. a Chihuahua and a Great Dane that do not look alike
b. snails that resemble each other but cannot mate
c. snails of quite varied appearance that can all interbreed
d. snails of quite similar appearance that are shown to be different species via reproductive isolation
d. snails of quite similar appearance that are shown to be different species via reproductive isolation
What happens with the individuals when geographic variation occurs among the members of a species?
a. They may be mistaken for separate species.
b. They cannot mate successfully.
c. They cannot produce offspring with intermediate characteristics.
d. They may be from different subpopulations.
a. They may be mistaken for separate species.
The biological species concept specifies that two organisms are of the same species if they breed. What else does this concept specify?
a. that species are unsuccessful in producing offspring
b. that species produce any offspring
c. that species produce fertile offspring under normal circumstances
d. that species produce fertile offspring under laboratory conditions only
c. that species produce fertile offspring under normal circumstances
Which ability of individuals within the species does the biological species concept primarily rely on?
a. to adapt to the environment
b. to have greater longevity
c. to live in a variety of habitats
d. to produce fertile offspring when mating with one another
d. to produce fertile offspring when mating with one another
Why do members of the same species primarily look alike according to the biological species concept?
a. because they live in the same environment
b. because they experience gene flow, which mixes their genetic material
c. because they have a common ancestor
d. because they have stopped evolving
b. because they experience gene flow, which mixes their genetic material
What does the phylogenetic species concept look at?
a. both environmental adaptations and morphology
b. both genetic data and environmental adaptations
c. both morphology and environmental adaptations
d. both morphology and genetic data
d. both morphology and genetic data
Which of the following concepts is used for examining speciation by reconstructing the evolutionary tree?
a. biological species concept
b. examination of ring species
c. examination of clinal variation
d. phylogenetic species concept
d. phylogenetic species concept
What is a ring species?
a. It is one where a clinal variation occurs.
b. It is one where all of the various populations can successfully mate in nature. c. It is one where an area’s climate interferes with speciation.
d. It is one where only intermediary populations can mate successfully
d. It is one where only intermediary populations can mate successfully
How does gene flow between organisms of ring species occur?
a. It occurs between any of the organisms if they are placed in the same environment.
b. It occurs freely.
c. It occurs only between intermediary populations.
d. It occurs only under laboratory conditions.
c. It occurs only between intermediary populations.
What do birds living in a cold environment tend to have?
a. long legs and larger bodies
b. long legs and smaller bodies
c. short legs and larger bodies
d. short legs and smaller bodies
c. short legs and larger bodies
What may be a feature of the organisms in a clinal variation?
a. They look identical.
b. They do not have a normal lifespan.
c. They vary in appearance due to adaptations to different environments.
d. They vary in appearance due to human interference.
c. They vary in appearance due to adaptations to different environments
What does a smooth pattern of variation along a geographical gradient refer to?
a. a ring species
b. a hybrid zone
c. a morphological species
d. a cline
d. a cline
Which of the following best describes the situation in which two organisms do not mate due to the fact that they mate at different times of the year?
a. behavioural isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. mechanical isolation
d. ecological isolation
b. temporal isolation
What type of isolation is it if two species of lizards do not mate because their mating rituals differ greatly?
a. behavioural isolation
b. ecological isolation
c. gametic isolation
d. mechanical isolation
a. behavioural isolation
Which type of isolation would crocuses that bloom in the early spring and marigolds that bloom in the summer definitely experience?
a. behaviour
b. ecological
c. temporal
d. gametic
c. temporal
Which of the following is NOT an example of a prezygotic isolating mechanism?
a. An iris blooms at a different time of the year than a daffodil.
b. A zebroid is sterile, and a zebra is not.
c. A snail with a shell coiling in one direction cannot mate with a snail whose shell curls the other way.
d. A peacock puts on a different mating display than a sparrow
b. A zebroid is sterile, and a zebra is not.