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Health Risk Crisis Comm > W3 Readings: B&B Ch. 6,7,8 > Flashcards

W3 Readings: B&B Ch. 6,7,8 Flashcards

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0
Q

Body of speech

A

main part of the speech; contains major ideas

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1
Q

AIDA

A

an organizational plan that involves attention, interest, desire, and action

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2
Q

completeness

A

a principle of outlining which states that all important information on the message topic should be included

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3
Q

conclusion

A

the final part of a speech

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4
Q

coordination

A

all ideas at the same level of the outline should have the same degree of generality

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5
Q

division

A

a principle of outlining, which states that every idea which is divided should have at least 2 parts

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6
Q

introduction

A

the beginning of a speech

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7
Q

motivated sequence

A

an organizational plan which has 5 steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

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8
Q

planning outline

A

detailed outline used for preparing a speech

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9
Q

progression

A

a principle of outlining which assesses the logical sequence of events

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10
Q

speaking outline

A

abbreviated outline used when presenting a speech

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11
Q

subordination

A

a principle of outlining which states that secondary ideas should be lower (more specific) than primary ideas

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12
Q

symbolization

A

a principle of outlining that uses symbols and indentation to indicate lvls of abstraction of every point in the outline

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13
Q

3 organizational plans for structuring persuasive messages

A

1) intro-body-conclusion
2) AIDA
3) motivated sequence

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14
Q

5 functions of an introduction

A

1) gain attention
2) establish report
3) give audience a reason to listen
4) state purpose
5) preview the main points of a speech

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15
Q

purposes of a persuasive message

A

to create, reinforce, or change attitudes or behaviors of individuals in an audience

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16
Q

cause-effect pattern

A

used when a speaker is focusing on the nature of a problem. The first point describes factors that influence, while the second point follows with the results.

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17
Q

types of attention-getters

A
  • reporting a startling statement or statistic
  • asking a question
  • using a quotation
  • referring to the audience or the speaking situation
  • using an analogy
  • telling a story
  • talking about a personal experience
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18
Q

organizational patterns of the body of a speech

A

1) cause-effect
2) sequential
2) 2-sided
3) problem-solution
4) topical

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19
Q

when is the sequential pattern of org. for a body adopted?

A

when the speaker is presenting one solution to a problem in great detail. The main points of the speech are the steps of the plan and the subpoints justify each step

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20
Q

when is 2-sided pattern adopted?

A

when a speaker focuses on 2 solutions and advocates the best solution to a problem

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21
Q

2 kinds of 2-sided messages

A

1) non-refutational (describes the opposing args. only)

2) refutational (argues against the opposing arg.) –> more persuasive

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22
Q

4 functions of a conclusion

A

1) summarize main points
2) create a sense of connection
3) inspire an appropriate frame of mind
4) make a final appeal

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23
Q

2 types of outlines

A

1) planning (more detailed, full sentence, includes bibliography)
2) speaking (key words/ideas)

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24
6 principles of outlining
1) division - an idea must be subdivided into at least 2 parts 2) symbolization - consistency in indentation 3) coordination - same lvl ideas should have same generality 4) subordination - 2ary ideas should be more specific than 1ary ideas 5) progression - do ideas make sense how they are organized? 6) completeness - all important ideas should be included
25
PAR principle
Purpose, Audience, Research should be kept in mind when deciding which organizational plan and pattern to use.
26
Comparison and contrast
(demonstrating) similarities and differences b/w what a speaker want to explain and what the audience already understands
27
danger control
attempting to alleviate fear by taking action to reduce risk
28
deductive reasoning
inferring specifics from generalities
29
evidence
info provided by a speaker to explain or prove ideas. Consists of factual information and statements of opinion from those who ought to be believed. -Likely to be processed centrally
30
expert testimony
a credible source (quotation) that provides info
31
explanation/description
(providing) background info on a topic
32
fear control
ignoring a message or denying the risk w/o taking constructive action to cope with danger. Hypothetical example: fictional instance that helps the audience understand the nature of a problem. Likely to be extended rather than a brief mention.
33
inductive reasoning
inferring a general principle from specific examples
34
recommendation
a suggestion for reducing the risk of danger
35
response efficacy
the extent to which the solution advocated in a persuasive message will probably prevent danger
36
self-efficacy
the extent to which an audience member believes that he or she is capable of implementing a recommendation
37
severity
the degree of seriousness of the danger
38
specific example
a real instance, usually brief, that helps explain the nature of the problem
39
susceptibility
the likelihood that danger will afflict the audience
40
statistics
numerical descriptions of info (counting, measurement, comparison)
41
threat
a message that arouses fear
42
3 ways audience can react to claims
1) acceptance 2) unsure whether to accept or not 3) rejection *evidence can encourage aud. to accept claims when they are uncertain or thought they would reject*
43
6 different forms of supporting materials
1) explanation and description 2) compare and contrast 3) hypothetical example 4) specific example 5) statistics 6) expert testimony
44
the quality of evidence, or the supporting materials used to prove can be evaluated on the basis of 4 key criteria
1) relevance 2) recency 3) source qualifications 4) source bias
45
If evidence is relevant to your point, it will be 1 of 3 things
1) like the point you want to prove 2) more specific than your point 3) more general than your point
46
3 tests for inductive reasoning
1) the examples selected for your argument must be typical, or just like any other examples you might select. 2) have you examined a sufficient amt. of examples? 3) can neg. instances be explained?
47
2 tests for deductive reasoning
1) is the specific instance included in the generalization? | 2) is the specific instance an exception to the rule?
48
2 elements of a fear appeal message
1) threat 2) recommendation (similar to problem-solution)
49
threat is made up of:
severity and susceptibility
50
factors of interest
strategies that help you gain the attention of your audience in the intro and maintain it throughout message
51
proximity
factor of interest that can be used throughout a message both to gain and to maintain audience interest
52
vital factors
refer to life, health, economic security, and other things that affect our well-being
53
When should inductive reasoning be used?
when a piece of evidence is more specific than the claim you need to support
54
When should deductive reasoning be used?
when a piece of evidence is more general than the claim you need to support
55
active voice
the grammatical situation where the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence
56
anecdote
a short entertaining story about some event
57
antithesis
the juxtaposition of two contrasting ideas
58
axiom
wise saying that is widely accepted
59
connotative meaning
subjective meaning of a word
60
concise word usage
situation char. by the speaker's being brief and to the point
61
concrete words
linguistic symbols which stand for something specific
62
denotative meaning
dictionary meaning of a word
63
devil term
word generally accepted as negative
64
God term
word generally accepted as positive
65
grand style
a style that is majestic and impressive
66
humorous metaphor
an implicit comparison in which 2 things are juxtaposed, and which becomes humorous when that comparison has amusing properties or contains a witty turn of phrase
67
hyperbole
an overstatement of significance
68
intensity
vivid and dramatic word usage
69
irony
a humorous way of implying the opposite of what one is actually saying
70
middle style
a style used to please or entertain
71
passive voice
the grammatical situation where the object of an action becomes a (grammatical) subject in the sentence
72
plain style
a style that is straightforward and clear
73
pun
play on words
74
rhythm
the flow of patterns of words and sentences
75
rhyme
same or similar sounds at the end of clauses or phrases
76
satire
the use of mockery and sarcasm to poke fun at flaws and imperfections
77
symbol
something that stands for, or represents, something else
78
3 important chars. of symbols
arbitrary, adaptable, and conventional
79
ultimate terms
represent an ideal image of the culture and take the form of god and devil terms
80
4 differences b/w oral and written styles
1) simplicity 2) repetition 3) informality 4) spontaneity
81
3 factors that influence your choice of style:
1) audience 2) personal preference 3) purpose
82
central goal of plain style
clarity
83
goal of middle style
humor
84
central goal of grand style
intensity and rhythm

Health Risk Crisis Comm (13 decks)

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