W33/Anatomy prac

Question 1

What are the 3 bones that form the hip?

Answer 1

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 2

How many vertebrae used to make up the sacrum?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

What is the general shape of the ilium?

Answer 3

“Fan shaped”

Question 4

The iliac crest joins which two landmarks?

Answer 4

The anterior & posterior iliac spines

Question 5

What are the two main parts of the ischium?

Answer 5

The body and the ramus

Question 6

The body of the ischium contributes to which structure?

Answer 6

Acetabulum

Question 7

The ramus of the ischium contributes to which structure?

Answer 7

Obturator foramen

Question 8

What are the borders of the pelvic inlet? (posterior to anterior)

Answer 8

1. Promontory & ala of the sacrum
2. Arcuate line of the ilium
3. Pectineal line of the pubis
4. Pubic crest
5. Pubic symphysis

Question 9

What are the borders of the pelvic outlet? (posterior to anterior)

Answer 9

1. Tip of coccyx
2. Ischeal tuberosities
3. Pubic arch

Question 10

What muscle covers the vast majority of the lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 10

Obturator internis

Question 11

What are the 3 parts of levator ani?

Answer 11

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Illiococcygeus

Question 12

Which is the most superficial layer of levator ani?

Answer 12

Pubococcygeus

Question 13

From where do the fibres of pubococc. arise?

Answer 13

Posterior surface of the pubis

Question 14

From where do the fibres of illiococc. arise?

Answer 14

Fascia overlying obturator internis

Question 15

Which nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus?

Answer 15

Inferior part of L4 & L5-S4

Question 16

At which level does the internal iliac divide?

Answer 16

Level of the greater sciatic foramen

Question 17

At which 3 landmarks does the common iliac divide?

Answer 17

Anterior to the sacro-iliac joint
At the level of the L5/S1 IVD
Crossed by the ureter at or distal to birfurcation

Question 18

Which muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 18

Coccygeus

Levator ani

Question 19

From which spinal nerves is the sciatic nerve formed?

Answer 19

L4-S3

Question 20

What is the route of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 20

Through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis to enter the gluteal region.

Then down the posterior aspect of the thigh

Question 21

Which nerve is the main nerve of the perineum?

Answer 21

Pudendal nerve

Question 22

Which nerve is the chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia?

Answer 22

Pudendal nerve

Question 23

From which spinal nerves is the pudendal nerve formed?

Answer 23

S2-S4

Question 24

What’s the course of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 24

Exits greater sciatic foramen alongside pudendal artery between the piriformis & coccygeus muscles

Hooks around the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligaments to enter the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen

Into the pudendal canal

Question 25

From which nerve roots is the obturator nerve formed?

Answer 25

L2-L4

Question 26

What muscles are supplied by the pudendal nerve?

Answer 26

Perineal muscles External urethral sphincter External anal sphincter

Question 27

Which is the principle artery of the pelvis?

Answer 27

The internal iliac

Question 28

At which point does the ureter cross the uterine artery? What is the clinical significance?

Answer 28

2cm above the ischeal spine The ureter can be injured in uterine A ligation in hysterectomies

Question 29

At which 3 sites are are the ureters normally compressed?

Answer 29

Uretopelvic junction Crossing the iliac arteries & pelvic brim Traversing the bladder wall

Question 30

Which muscle forms most of the wall of the bladder?

Answer 30

The detrusor muscle

Question 31

What's the internal landmark of the ureteric orifices in the bladder?

Answer 31

The angles of the trigone

Question 32

Which artery supplies the anterosuperior parts of the bladder?

Answer 32

Superior vesical artery

Question 33

Which artery supplies the posteroinferior parts of the bladder?

Answer 33

``` Inferior vesical arteries (males) Vaginal arteries (females) ```

Question 34

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?

Answer 34

Preprostatic aka intramural Prostatic Membranous aka intermeidate Spongy urethra

Question 35

Which ligament joins the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 35

Ligament of the ovary

Question 36

Which ligament of the uterus is a double fold of peritoneum?

Answer 36

Broad ligament

Question 37

Which ligament is a lateral prolongation of the broad ligament?

Answer 37

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 38

The uterine tube is enclosed in what structure?

Answer 38

Broad ligament

Question 39

On which side of the broad ligament are the ovaries suspended?

Answer 39

Posterior

Question 40

The uterine tubes communicate with the peritoneal cavity, as a result: (2)

Answer 40

Ectopics can implant in the peritoneal cavity (rarely) Infection of the vagina, uterus & tubes can result in peritonitis

Question 41

In which ligament do the ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerves run?

Answer 41

Suspensory ligament

Question 42

Where does the round ligament extend?

Answer 42

Upper angle of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring

Question 43

What 2 things contribute to the ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 43

Seminal vesicles | Vas deferens

Question 44

Which part of the urethra do the ejaculatory ducts open out into?

Answer 44

Prostatic

Question 45

Which muscle maintains the angle of the rectum?

Answer 45

Puborectalis

Question 46

What are the 3 major branches of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 46

Inferior rectal Perineal Dorsal nerve of clit/penis

Question 47

Where is the pudendal nerve accessible for local anaesthetic?

Answer 47

Where is loops over the ischeal spine