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3J - IMMUNOSERO LEC (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) > W4 - ANTIGEN > Flashcards

W4 - ANTIGEN Flashcards

1
Q

Capacity to STIMULATE the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune response.

A

Immunogenicity

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2
Q

Ability to COMBINE the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune response

A

Antigenicity

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3
Q

Low molecular weight particles that can bind to an antibody that can elicit an immune response ONLY WHEN THEY ARE ATTACHED to a macromolecule carrier

A

Haptens

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4
Q

Reaction elicited by hapten w an antibody

A

Agglutination or precipitation

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5
Q

Antihypertensive drug (hapten) that binds in the RBC to become a complete antigen

A

Methyldopa

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6
Q

Once Methydopa becomes a complete antigen it will now trigger the release of 3 antibodies:

A

Anti-Methyldopa
Anti-RBC
Anti methyldopa + red cell

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7
Q

The usage of METHYLDOPA will cause the person to suffer from ?

A

Drug induced hemolytic anemia

(Jaundice, elevated bilirubin, liver diseases)

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8
Q

SPECIFIC SITES of antigens where antibodies bind.

A

epitopes

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9
Q

Epitopes is also known as

A

Antigenic Determinant Sites

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10
Q

epitopes found inside the cell

A

Inaccessible epitops

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11
Q

Where does the antigen attach to the antibody?

A

FAB region of the antibody, specifically in the hypervariable region

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12
Q

usally present in the surface of the antigen can act as POINTS OF INTERACTION for specific antibodies

A

Antigenic molecules

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13
Q

Specific site on the antigen that is recognized by the
MHC molecule

A

agretope

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14
Q

The site in the VARIABLE (V) DOMAIN of an antibody or T-cell receptor that BINDS TO AN EPITOPE on an antigen

A

Paratopes

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15
Q

● Shorter but continuous amino acid sequence
● After denaturation, it will still remain INTACT and can STILL BIND to an ANTIBODY

A

LINEAR EPITOPES (SEQUENTIAL / CONTINUOUS)

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16
Q

The site in the VARIABLE (V) DOMAIN of an antibody or T-cell receptor that BINDS TO AN EPITOPE on an antigen

A

Paratopes

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17
Q

● Domains of proteins are composed of specific regions of protein chains; longer
● After denaturation, it will break into SMALLER FRAGMENTS fragments; it can NO LONGER BIND to antibodies

A

CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPE (NONSEQUENTIAL / DISCONTINUOUS)

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18
Q

2 types of epitopes based on their locatoons

A

Accessible epitope (surface)
Inaccessible epitope (intracellular)

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19
Q

○ Present on the surface of the antigen
○ Recognized and acted upon by B CELLS (have surface immunoglobulins)

A
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20
Q

An epitope that needs to bind to an antigen-presenting cell (APC); found within antigen

A

Inaccessible epitope

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21
Q

Function of APCs

A

Engulf, process, and present the antigens to the T-cells

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22
Q

Type or STRUCTURE of the epitopes

A

Determinant

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23
Q

Number of ANTIGEN-BINDING SITES on the epitopes

A

Valence

24
Q

One type of epitope, one antigen-binding site

A

UNIDETERMINANT, UNIVALENT

25
Q

One type of epitope, multiple binding sites

A

UNIDETERMINANT, MULTIVALENT

26
Q

Multiple types of epitopes, but only one binding site
for each type of epitope

A

MULTIDETERMINANT, UNIVALENT

27
Q

Multiple types of epitopes, multiple binding sites for
each type of epitope

A

MULTIDETERMINANT, MULTIVALENT

28
Q

Traits of immunogens

A

ABO antigens
Influenza virus hemagglutinin
Bacterial capsule

29
Q

composed of glycolipids

A

ABO Antigens

30
Q

Composed of glycoproteins

A

Influenza virus hemagglutinin

31
Q

composed of polysaccharides

A

Bacterial Capsule

32
Q

degree to which antigenic determinants (epitopes) are recognized as non-self

A

Foreignness

33
Q

cells that cannot be recognized by immune system because no introduction of the cell happened during the embryonic development

A

Sequestered antigens

34
Q

Self antigens

A

Autologous antigens

35
Q

Have the same genetic components with
another person

A

Syngenic antigen

36
Q

“Homologous antigens”
Shared by individuals of the SAME SPECIES

A

Allogeneic antigen

37
Q

Antigens shared by individuals of UNRELATED SPECIES but have the SAME SHARED ANTIGEN

A

XENOGENEIC / HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGEN

38
Q

An immunologic reaction in which the immune
components, either cells or antibodies, REACT WITH 2 MOLECULES that share SIMILAR EPITOPES but are otherwise DISSIMILAR

A

Cross reactivity

39
Q

Antibody reacts w M protein and the heart (have similar structures)

Streptococcus pyogenes (M protein) + heart valves = ?

A

Rheumatic heart disease

40
Q

Start of the immune response

A

engulfment of the antigen presenting cell.

41
Q

Breaking down of the antigen = immune response

A

Degradability

42
Q

Antigen: not damaged and is degradable

A

✅ Immune response

43
Q

Antigen: undegradable and unstable

A

NO immune response

44
Q

Factors directly related to the antigen (5)

A

Foreignness
Degradability
Molecular weight
Structural stability
Chemical complexity

45
Q

Many epitopes present = ? MW

A

High MW

46
Q

considered to be the most effective and immunogenic antigens because of a large MW

A

Proteins

47
Q

● Small foreign molecule that is not immunogenic
● Must be coupled to a carrier molecule to be immunogenic

A

Hapten

48
Q

> 10kD

A

Immunogens

49
Q

> 100kD

A

Strong immunogens

50
Q

<10kD

A

Poor immunogens (Haptens)

51
Q

constant stimulation of our immune system =
? immune response.

A

HIGHER

52
Q

Solidity and strength of molecule makes it an effective antigen

A

Structural stability

53
Q

Antigen is bounded to ? = unstable, poor antigen, easily degraded

A

Gelatin

54
Q

Substance administered with an immunogen that increases the immune response

A

Adjuvants

55
Q

acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses (adaptive immunity) when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens

A

Adjuvant

56
Q

Adjuvants enhance immune response by

A

○ PROLONGING the EXISTENCE of immunogen
○ INCREASING the effective SIZE of the immunogen
○ INCREASING the NUMBER of MACROPHAGES involved in antigen processing

57
Q

NEW ADJUVANTS

A

Rapid response to pathogens
Vaccine response broadening
Vaccines for elderly

3J - IMMUNOSERO LEC (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) (4 decks)

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