W4: Managing AID Patients

Question 1

Define autoimmune disease and discuss the aetiology, diagnosis and 2 general categories into
which these conditions are separated.

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Diabetes Mellitus Type I

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe the following autoimmune conditions SLE

Answer 4

Subacute cutaneous SLE has red and round eruptions, although oral lesions are rare. In acute cutaneous SLE, there are mainly ulcers and blisters. Other orofacial manifestations include candidiasis, dysphagia, and xerostomia

Question 5

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Hyperthyroidism

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Hypothyroidism

Answer 6

Macroglossia, dysguesia, poor periodontal health, aberrant tooth morphology, delayed wound healing, delayed eruption of teeth, burning mouth syndrome, and dry mouth are all common oral manifestations of hypothyroidism.

Question 7

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: RA (differentiate between osteoarthritis)

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: MS

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Addisons disease

Answer 9

drenal glands produce insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and sometimes aldosterone, too. When the body is under stress (e.g. fighting an infection), this deficiency of cortisol can result in a life threatening Addisonian crisis characterised by low blood pressure.

Addison disease is classically seen with hyperpigmentation due to ACTH melanogenesis. Intraorally pigmentation over the gingival, vermillion border of lip, buccal mucosa, palate tongue, is evident and perceived as first sign.

Question 10

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Myesthenia Gravis

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Srogrens Syndrome

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: Sclerodoma

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: CD

Answer 13

CD is an AID in which a severe immune response reacting to gluten results in damage of the small intestines. Patients may manifest orally: dry mouth, angular cheilitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers, delayed dental eruption and also dental enamel defects. Dental management includes prevention of caries, periodontal disease, good OHI, anti-cariogenic diet advice and cosmetic considerations for developmental enamel defects.

Question 14

Describe the following autoimmune conditions: IBS

Answer 14

Question 15

Psoriasis: Describe what it is, what causes it, signs & symptoms and medical/dental management for patients with this disease.

Answer 15