W5 Personality

Question 1

Definition of personality

Answer 1

charateristics that are representitve of who we are as a person and can determine how we act or respond in certain situations

Question 2

the pillars of temperament - Hippocrates 5th century BC

Answer 2

hot/wet = blood
cold/wet = phlegm
hot/dry = yellow bile
cold/dry = black bile

Question 3

the four humours - Galen 2nd century AD

Answer 3

blood - sanguine - cheerful
black bile - melancholic - unhappy
yellow bile - choleric - bad-tempered
phlegm - phlegmatic - calm

Question 4

nomothetic approach

Answer 4

identification, measurement and description of common traits across individuals.

Question 5

ideographic approach

Answer 5

identification of the unique combinations of traits that account for an individual’s personality.

Question 6

Factor Analysis:

Answer 6

a fantastic tool for looking at things like the structure of personality from the data up

Question 7

openness

Answer 7

Imaginative vs down-to-earth

Preference for variety vs preference for routine

Independent vs conforming

Question 8

Conscientiousness

Answer 8

Well-organised vs disorganised

Careful vs careless

Self-disciplined vs weak-willed

Question 9

Extraversion

Answer 9

Sociable vs retiring

Fun-loving vs ‘sober’

Affectionate vs reserved

Question 10

Agreeableness

Answer 10

Softhearted vs ruthless

Trusting vs suspicious

Helpful vs uncooperative

Question 11

Neuroticism (Emotional Stability)

Answer 11

Worried vs calm

Insecure vs secure

Self-pitying vs self-satisfied

Question 12

Characteristics of Machiavellianism

Answer 12

motivated by status and power

Relative lack of affect in interpersonal relationships
● Lack of concern for conventional morality
● Lack of gross psychopathology
● Low ‘ideological’ commitment

Question 13

Why are we interested in psychopathy?

Answer 13

● They commit more offences, more violent offences, more different kinds of offences
● They commit more sexual offences against adults and less against children
● Harder (but not impossible) to rehabilitate and, rehabilitation may not work as well
● Most offending is still done by non-psychopaths.

Question 14

Psychopathy

Answer 14

impulsivity and aggression

Chronic syndrome of negative characteristics

Three groups of symptoms

·Interpersonal: arrogant, callous, manipulative
·Affective: shallow, irritable, lacking remorse
·Behavioural: parasitic, impulsive, irresponsible, breaking rules

Question 15

Trait approach

Answer 15

there is a continuum of personality and it is normally distributed

Question 16

meta-analysis

Answer 16

combined stats

Question 17

Freud’s Topographic Model

Answer 17

id - unconscious
ego - Preconscious
superego - Preconscious

Question 18

Carl Jung

Answer 18

Collective unconscious
Primordial images → Archetypes
(…extroversion)

Question 19

Psychological ‘types’
Two basic ‘attitudes’

Answer 19

Introversion and Extroversion
Later added four basic ‘functions’:
Irrational (sensation, intuition) - reflecting perception
Rational (thinking, feeling) - reflecting reason and judgement

Question 20

Gordon Allport

Answer 20

proposed the nomothetic approach and the ideographic approach

Question 21

primary psychopathy traits

Answer 21

personality and emotional deficits

Question 22

the Dark Triad

Answer 22

Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy

Question 23

the Dark Tetrad

Answer 23

Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy
and Sadism

Question 24

secondary psychopathy traits

Answer 24

Disorganized and impulsive lifestyle

Question 25

who are more likely to be Psychopaths

Answer 25

old men

Question 26

Characteristic of Narcissism

Answer 26

**Grandiosity** and **Need for admiration** ● they have of thinking they are amazing yet worrying that they aren't ● they don’t know they are narcissists ● can be heritable but is also affect by the enviro

Question 27

Characteristics Machiavellianism and Psychopathy share

Answer 27

manipulativeness | Lack of Empathy, Exploitativeness, Cynicism

Question 28

The Dark Triad in the workplace

Answer 28

Machiavellianism and Psychopathy leads poorer performance All three associated with more Counterproductive Work Behaviour

Question 29

which of the big five are connected to higher earnings

Answer 29

**openness**, conscientiousenss, and extroversion

Question 30

which of the big five are not connected to earnings

Answer 30

neuroticism and agreeanleness

Question 31

big five and positive work engagement

Answer 31

**conscientiouness** (all except) nueroticism

Question 32

big five an positve performance

Answer 32

**conscientiouness** (all except) nueroticism

Question 33

big five and acamdeic study

Answer 33

**conscientiouness** more extroversion and nueroticism less

Question 34

who are more likly to be Naracisstic

Answer 34

18-20 year olds

Question 35

what is the closes DSM disoreder corrolated to Psycopathy

Answer 35

antisocial personbality disorder

Question 36

Characteristics narcissists and Psychopathy share

Answer 36

Lack of Empathy

Question 37

Characteristics narcissists and Machiavellianism share

Answer 37

Manipulativeness