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Level 1/Step 1 > W5D2 > Flashcards

W5D2 Flashcards

1
Q

40F
headaches + insomnia + diaphoresis + unintentional wt loss

neoplastic mass = excessive hormone excretion

Tumor cells = electron-dense + membrane secretory granules

IH = synaptophysin + chromogranin + neuro-specific enolase

A

Pheochromocytoma

headaches + insomnia + diaphoresis + unintentional wt loss = catecholamine secretion

IH = synaptophysin + chromogranin + neuro-specific enolase = MEN2A/B

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2
Q

32M
Self-limiting watery diarrhea post travels

A

Enterotoxins
E. coli = promotes fluid + electrolyte secretion from intestinal epithelium

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3
Q

9month
High fever breaks
rash

A

HHV3
Roseola

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4
Q

9month
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots

A

Measles

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5
Q

9month
rash started on face and has spread to trunk

A

Rubella

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6
Q

Linkage disequillibrium

A

inherited haplotype more or less often than expected

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7
Q

22F
Ab pain
tingling in limbs
anxiety + difficulty concentration + insomnia

Tx: heme preparation

Dx

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

5P’s
Painful ab
Port-wine pee
Polyneuropathy
Psychological disturbances
Precipitants = ALA increased + CYP inducers + EtOH

MOA: precipitants or congenital (AD - porphobilinogen deaminase)

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8
Q

64M
LE pain + swelling + redness
100.4F
erythema = midcalf w/ indistinct border
neutrophilic leukocytosis

Dx

A

Cellulitis =

nonpurulent cellulitis = B-hemolytic streptococci

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9
Q

Nerve that is irritated
external auditory canal - close contact with posterior wall

A

Vagus

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10
Q

Nerve that is irritated
external auditory canal - excluding the posterior wall

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal

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11
Q

depression of the nasal bridge
bulging forehead
short upper & lower extremities
normal torso

A

Achondroplasia

AD - FGFR3 gene (chondrocytes)

endochondral ossification = long bones affected

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12
Q

Congenital rubella sx

A

Growth restriction
Sensorineural hearing loss
Heart + Eye + CNS issues

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13
Q

Congenital rubella syndrome prevention

A

Maternal LIVE attenuated vax before conception

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14
Q

52F
B/L tremor
Mother had a similar issue

A

Essential tremor (AD) improves w/ EtOH consumption

Tx: Propranolol

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14
Q

Sjogren syndrome increases the risk of

A

Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

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15
Q

Scleroderma increases the risk of

A

glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

Single-stranded DNA binding protein

A

Stabilization of unwound template strands

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17
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

DNA synthesis (5′ → 3′ polymerase activity)
Proofreading (3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity)

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18
Q

DNA polymerase III DNA synthesis

A

5′ → 3′ polymerase activity

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19
Q

DNA polymerase III Proofreading

A

3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity

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20
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Same as DNA polymerase III
Removal of RNA primer (5′ → 3′ exonuclease activity) & replacement with DNA

21
Q

DNA polymerase I Removal of RNA primer

A

5′ → 3′ exonuclease activity

22
Q

Bordetella pertussis pathogenesis

A

Tracheal cytotoxin = destroys ciliated epithelial cells
pertussis toxin = AB toxin = increase cAMP = inhibits phagocytosis = lymphocytosis

23
Q

tx for neonatal w/d from opioids

A

Morphine

24
Q

lowering alpha from .05 to .01 =

A

greater confidence

24
Q

8M
Sickle cell anemia
infection
causes

A

encapsulated bacteria

MOST COMMON: Strep pneumo
N. meningitides + H. influ

25
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance pattern –> what genetic variability

A

Heteroplasmy = normal + mutant genomes coexist on the same genome

26
Q

68M
persistent back pain
metastatic cancer

A

Prostate cancer

27
Q

RV vs LV

A

RV =
1. more collateral circulation
2. increased ischemic preconditioning
3. receives perfusion during systole & diastole

28
Q

62M
biopsy prostate
might cause injury to

A

inferior hypogastric + splanchnic nerve = erectile dysfunction

28
Q

Plasma concentration in reduced when

A

there is delayed absorption or high 1st pass metabolism

29
Q

Mushroom toxin inhibits

A

Amatoxin inhibits RNA poly 2 = mRNA is inhibited

30
Q

Synovial cell hyperplasia

A

RA

31
Q

Fissuring & flaking of articular cartilage

A

OA

32
Q

Poor night vision
optic disc pallor
areas of dark discoloration in retina
attenuation of retinal vessels

A

Genetic progressive retinal dystrophy (pigmented epithelium + photoreceptors)= Retinitis pigmentosa

33
Q

7M
epistaxis
BM = fat
pancytopenia

A

Aplastic anemia

34
Q

High FSH & LH
Low testosterone
Azoospermia

A

Klinefelter syndrome

35
Q

Media grows=
1. round to oval budding yeast
2. germ tubes incubated a 37 C serum

A

Candida albicans = normal oral flora

36
Q

Periductal lymphocytic infiltration of labial glands

A

Sjogren syndrome = dry people

37
Q

32F
6 months of persistent diarrhea
tea-colored odorless watery stools
lack of gastric acid secretion
Somatostatin relieves sx

A

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) = stimulates bicarbonate + chloride secretion (increase cAMP) = loss of Na+/Cl-/H2O

Pancreatic islet cells = VIPoma

38
Q

26F
Swallows pills
Pupils <2m

Temp, BP, Tidal vol?

A

ALL LOW
opioids causes hypothermia

39
Q

Tx for manic features

A

Valproate + Carbamazepine + Lithium

Lamotrigine = for depressive features

39
Q

Which hyperlipidemia rx combination is more likely to cause myopathy

A

Statins + Fibrates

Fibrates impair hepatic clearance of statins

40
Q

54M
splenomegaly
pancytopenia
dry tap
dx

A

Hairy cell leukemia (lymphocytes w/ cytoplasmic projections)

41
Q

Gerstmann syndrome affects

A

angular gyrus (dominant parietal lobe = usually Left)

42
Q

How does Fibrates increase formation of cholesterol gallstones

A

inhibits 7a-hydroxlase

Oxidases cholesterol & plays a role in bile synthesis

43
Q

Vegans are at risk for which deficiencies

A

B12 & Iron

44
Q

40F
elevated Alkaline Phosphatase

what should you check next

A

GGTP = biliary tract test

45
Q

Difference between Clotrimazole vs Nystatin vs Mupirocin

A

All topicals

Clotrimazole = dermatophytes
Nystatin = Candida
Mupirocin = Impetigo

46
Q

Tinea pedis tx

A

microazole
clotrimazole
terbinafine
tolnaftate

47
Q

6hour
drooling + coughing
perioral cynosis

A

failure of foregut to separate from airway

48
Q

Increase prevalence chances PPV and NPV by

A

increasing PPV and decrease NPV

Level 1/Step 1 (15 decks)

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