W6 - Pharmacology at a Glance

Question 1

What is pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of the effect of drugs on the function of living systems

Question 2

What are the two parts of pharmacology

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

What is Pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

The effects of the drug on the body

Question 4

What is Pharmacokinetics

Answer 4

the effects of the body on the drug

Question 5

What does pharmacokinetics cover

Answer 5

ADME

Question 6

What does ADME stand for

Answer 6

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 7

What is a drug

Answer 7

a biologically active compound taken with the intent to produce a change in the body

Question 8

What is a medicine

Answer 8

a chemical preparation which usuall contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect

Question 9

What is a medicine

Answer 9

A chemical preparation which usually contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect.

Question 10

What is the magic bullet theory

Answer 10

Therapy without toxicity due to selective toxicity even at high doses.

Question 11

Who proposed the theory magic bullet

Answer 11

Dr Ehrlich

Question 12

What is the receptor concept

Answer 12

Site of Major Drug action (drug bullets) e.g. neuromuscular junction

Question 13

Who proposed the receptor concept

Answer 13

Dr Langley

Question 14

What do drugs act through

Answer 14

receptors

Question 15

What are the 2 problems associated with drug classes

Answer 15

Drugs cannot be classified according to a single system due to the needs of different professions such as

• Doctors
• Chemists
• Pharmacologists

Due to formulations varying for different drugs it is not practical to have them under one name.

Question 16

What is the definition of a target

Answer 16

Molecular recognition site to which a drug will bind

Question 17

What is the majority of known targets

Answer 17

most known targets are proteins which are commonly receptors however there are always exceptions

Question 18

What are two conventional routes

Answer 18

analysis pathophysiology

analysis of mechanism of action of existing therapeutic drugs.

Question 19

What is an example of a novel route

Answer 19

Trawl the genome

Question 20

What are disease genes

Answer 20

genes mutations which can lead to the development of human disease

Question 21

What are disease modifying genes

Answer 21

Genes whose altered expression may be involved in the development of the disease state

or

genes that encode functional proteins whose activity is altered in disease state

Question 22

What is the formula for mass

Answer 22

Concentration x volume x formula weight

Question 23

what is the unit of concentration

Answer 23

Mol/L

Question 24

What is the unit of volume

Answer 24

L

Question 25

what is the unit of formula weight

Answer 25

g/mol

Question 26

What is a biological assay

Answer 26

a method measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions.

Question 27

What type of scales are used to generate a concentration response curve

Answer 27

Logarithmic scale

Question 28

How is a concentration response curve often denoted

Answer 28

CRC

Question 29

What is a logarithm?!

Answer 29

it is defined as the power to which a base 10 must be raised to produce a given number

Question 30

What is the X axis of a CRC

Answer 30

Log [Compound] M

Question 31

What is the y axis

Answer 31

Normalised response

Question 32

what does a normalized response mean

Answer 32

if you have consistent data normalising it puts each value into a percentage with the highest being 100% and the lowest being 0%

Question 33

why is it important that the data is consistent

Answer 33

if you have inconsistent data then that can lead to outliers meaning the 100% or 0% could be in an unappropriated range

Question 34

What is homeopathy based on

Answer 34

Like cures like The greater the dilution the more potent the medicine

Question 35

Is homeopathy plausible?`

Answer 35

No, the second principle ignores what we understant of dilutions

Question 36

What are the different stages of a clinical trial

Answer 36

``` Target discover Target Validation Screen Development Hit Discovery Lead development Candidate identification Drug Development ```

Question 37

What is the human genome project

Answer 37

It was the international, collaborative research program whose goal was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings

Question 38

What was the role of the human genome project in identifying protein targets for drugs

Answer 38

The human genome project mapped the entirety of the human genome so we could tell what genes which were part of the protein targets were affected by disease or caused disease.