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- OSOT 301 > W6: Temporal Dimensions of Occupation > Flashcards

W6: Temporal Dimensions of Occupation Flashcards

1
Q

Is the concept of time the same for everyone?

A

no – time is perceived and experienced differently by different people (from different contexts, cultures, times of their lives)

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2
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the main concept of the article?

A

time becomes a framework for illness

  • people with disabilities realize more that time is the medium through which we live our lives – and it can be quite fleeting
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3
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What are the 6 main time concepts in the article?

A
  • immortalized in time
  • ruptured time
  • reclaimed time
  • consumed time
  • disciplined time
  • ingested time
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4
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the concept of ‘immortalized in time’?

A

body becomes a perpetual memorial – constant reminder of the event

  • people with spinal cord injuries spend lots of time reconciling the incident
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5
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the concept of ‘ruptured time’?

A

sudden disruption/change in life’s prospects and circumstances

  • time stops, and perceptions of the future changes significantly
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6
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the concept of ‘reclaimed time’?

A

an opportunity to remake

  • body becomes the cause, but also the resolution – plays a role in self-reconstitution
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7
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the concept of ‘consumed time’?

A

clock time, units of time

  • time is not an expendable commodity – need to consider units of time when trying to maintain health and conform to society again
  • spontaneity and flexibility are sacrificed with SCI – need regulation/scheduling to survive
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8
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the concept of ‘disciplined time’?

A

need to attend to continence

  • people with SCI can’t feel, therefore get preoccupied with things like elimination of bodily fluids, incontinence, and cleanliness
  • need to schedule themselves in terms of where they will be, and whether there is access to services and support, to address these different parts of the body that may not have been considered before
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9
Q

(Seymour, 2002) Time and the body: Re-embodying time in disability

What is the concept of ‘ingested time’?

A

food and drink modifications

  • desire and appetite for food and drink also need to be disciplined and regulated – new relationship between food and body
  • leads to impacts on relationships and social interactions, spontaneity
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10
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

What is occupational imbalance?

A

time spent between work, play, rest, and sleep are not in balance

  • ie. before: work taking up majority of time
  • ie. after: gap, desire for more structured occupations
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11
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

What does time depend on, and what does this impact?

A

time depends on context (such as culture or life transitions), which in turn impacts/changes the form, function, and meaning of occupations

  • ie. eating breakfast might take more time now
  • ie. purpose of working was to make money, but now working may be for social reasons
  • ie. weekends may seem like an escape after a long week of work, but no longer has the same meaning now
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12
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

What are the 5 main themes of this article?

A
  • new temporal structure
  • gliding into slower rhythm of life
  • change in meaning
  • paradox of being master of your own time
  • maintaining stability as primary hope for the future
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13
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

Describe the theme of ‘new temporal structure’.

A
  • whole structure of daily life changes
  • have freedom, but it can be challenging because everything slows down
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14
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

Describe the theme of ‘gliding into slower rhythm of life’.

A
  • may consider taking up new occupations – but some plans do not always happen
  • ie. might take more time to read the newspaper compared to when you were working
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15
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

Describe the theme of ‘change in meaning’.

A

work influenced the meaning of other occupations – meanings may shift with retirement because certain occupations are not special without the structure of work life

  • missed the routine of work, which provided the backdrop for other occupations
  • ie. going to the cottage isn’t as special anymore, because you can go any time now
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16
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

Describe the theme of ‘paradox of being master of your own time’.

A

many people who retire end up being unable to enjoy their ‘time of freedom’

  • some people will return to part-time work – want/enjoy the structure of work
17
Q

(Jonsson et al., 2000) Retirement: an occupational transition with consequences for temporality, balance, and meaning of occupations

Describe the theme of ‘maintaining stability as primary hope for the future’.

A
  • participants stayed active to maintain health
  • fear of digressing, losing physical or cognitive abilities
18
Q

What can address how time is used?

A

questions about occupation

  • entails recording and reflecting upon what people do
  • can also address where occupations occurred (ie. where time was occupied), why they were engaged in (ie. for what purpose time was used), etc.
  • can address ‘timing’ of occupations according to type, role, project, meaning, etc
19
Q

Can time be considered a social construct?

A

yes – it is different for different people

  • culturally, people see time differently – ie. linearly in Western culture, circular/continuous in other cultures
20
Q

How can time help us understand occupation better?

A
  • what occupations you are doing, how you fill your day
  • reflects on who you are as a person
21
Q

What are time use studies?

A

studies designed to capture the flow of activities inherent in occupation and the context in which they are carried out (Christensen & Townsend, 2010)

  • diary format
  • can capture objective and subjective details – what you did, time used, what else you were doing, where, with whom, for whom
  • activities create a pattern of daily life
22
Q

Why are time use studies of interest to occupational scientists?

A

because what people highlight as something they did reflects who they are

  • researchers will quantify this information, or they can look at it subjectively (ie. look at flow)
  • know what to spend time on with clients – client-centred approach
  • can learn what different types of people tend to spend their time with – for demographic research and trends
23
Q

What is a lifestyle?

A

larger patterns of time use that are influenced by societal and cultural forces (ie. family)

  • occupations can be habitual and form part of routines and lifestyles
24
Q

What is habituation?

A

the semiautonomous pattern of behaviour in concert with our familiar temporal, physical, and social habits (Kielhofner, 2008)

  • “Habits preserve ways of doing things that we have internalized through repeated performance.”
  • “Moreover, by engaging in certain routine behaviors we reaffirm ourselves as having a certain identity.”
25
Q

How does time use differ across sub-populations within countries, and between countries?

A

more differences across sub-populations within countries than between countries

  • no major variation between countries with regard to time spent on necessary, contracted, committed, and free occupations
  • gender differences in time use
  • time use shifts over the life course
26
Q

What are some examples of occupational deprivation?

A
  • long-term unemployment
  • removal from society (ie. someone who was in jail for a long time)
  • need permanent address to get social services/support
  • hospital
27
Q

What are occupational opportunities influenced by?

A
  • identity, cultural and social context
  • socioeconomic status
  • financial burdens
28
Q

What might influence one’s perspectives of time?

A

examples:

  • getting into an accident
  • transition into retirement
  • life changes – ie. motherhood
29
Q

Why do you think we form structure and habits as we age?

A
  • structure gives meaning and purpose to our time – may feel lazy
  • want to better ourselves – be more productive, get more out of the day, provides a sense of certainty as you get older

- OSOT 301 (8 decks)

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