W6 - The Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 1

What cavity does the brain lie in?

Answer 1

The cranial cavity

Question 2

What’s the opening at the base of the skull called?

Answer 2

Foreman magnum

Question 3

What four parts of the brain divided into?

Answer 3

Brain stem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum

Question 4

What three parts of the brain stem divided into?

Answer 4

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 5

What two parts is the diencephalon divided into

Answer 5

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 6

What role does the midbrain do?

Answer 6

Associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleeping, alertness, wakefulness, temperature regulation

Question 7

What role does pons have?

Answer 7

Breathing and respiratory rhythm
Forms a bridge between the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Question 8

What role does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 8

Contains cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centres
Deals with autonomic functions of breathing , heart rate and blood pressure as well as the sleep wake cycle

Question 9

What role does the cerebellum do?

Answer 9

Coordination of voluntary movements
Motor learning
Balance
10% of the total brain weight
Contains more neuron than the rest of the brain

Question 10

What function does the thalamus do?

Answer 10

Principal relay station for sensory input
Executive assistant for sensory cortex

Question 11

What function does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 11

Regulates homeostasis through the influence on automatic system and pituitary gland

Question 12

What role does the cerebrum do?

Answer 12

Two hemispheres: left and right
Divided by a longitude fissure
Surface of the brain is covered in sulci

Question 13

What does the corpus callosum do

Answer 13

Large bundle of fibres that connect the right and left hemisphere and allows information to move between the hemispheres

Question 14

What kind of matter is the outer layer of the brain made up of?

Answer 14

Grey matter

Question 15

What matter is the central area of the brain made up of?

Answer 15

White matter with an area of grey matter

Question 16

What is the name of the central grey matter in the brain?

Answer 16

Basal ganglia

Question 17

Name four lobes of the brain

Answer 17

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 18

What is the frontal low responsible for?

Answer 18

Voluntary. movement
Emotion
Memory
Speech - Broca’s area

Question 19

What’s the parietal low responsible for

Answer 19

Perception and integration of sensory information
Visual spatial procession
Spatial attention

Question 20

What area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from the thalamus and sends this information onto other areas of the brain and is located in the posterior primary motor cortex?

Answer 20

Somatosensory cortex

Question 21

What is the temporal low responsible for?

Answer 21

Perception
Face recognition
Object recognition
Language understanding - wernicke’s area
Emotional reaction

Question 22

What is the occipital low responsible for?

Answer 22

Primary visual area of the brain
Involved the interpretation of visual input: intensity of light and dark, shape and movement of object objects, colour

Question 23

What does the basil ganglia do in the brain?

Answer 23

Group of nuclei that regulate movement balance eye movement and posture
Links the thalamus with the motor cortex

Question 24

How many nuclei does the basil ganglia have in brain

Answer 24

5

Question 25

What are the three layers of the brain called?

Answer 25

Dura mater (outer) Arachnoid mater Pía mater (inner)

Question 26

Name the parts of the vertebrae that are in the ascending sensory spinal track

Answer 26

Dorsal colum Soinocerebellar Spinothalamic

Question 27

Name the route a nerve impulse travels through T the dorsal column

Answer 27

First order neuron (afferent) into dorsal columns Up to the next vertebrae into the decussation of medial lemniscus Into the dorsal column nuclei Thalamus Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 28

What poses does the dorsal column carry?

Answer 28

Fine touch Two point discrimination Vibrations Conscience Proprioception

Question 29

What impulses does the spinothalamic tract do

Answer 29

Pain Touch and pressure Temperature

Question 30

Name the route an action potential travels in the spinothalamic section of the ascending sensory spinal track

Answer 30

Nociceptors or thermoreceptors detect Impulse travels across the spinal level (lissaure’s tract) Medulla Thalamus Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 31

Name the two main parts of the descending motor spinal track

Answer 31

Pyramidal tracts Extra pyramidal tracts

Question 32

What is the difference between the pyramidal and extra pyramidal tracts in the descending motor spinal track

Answer 32

Pyramidal = action potential travels through medullary pyramids that start in the cortex through the pyramids and then down the spinal cord Extra pyramidal = no medullary pyramids and action potential starts in the brainstem