W7

Question 1

Calculating gibbs with multiple gases

Answer 1

G = NaUa + NbUb

Where Ua and Ub are the chemical potentials of gases A and B

Question 2

High chem potential

Answer 2

Addition causes free energy to increase resulting in a high free energy for the system

Question 3

Low chem potential

Answer 3

Addition causes free energy to increase only slightly

Question 4

Higher free energy means

Answer 4

Higher driver for spontaneous reaction

Question 5

Remember everything tries to loose its free energy to surroundings

Question 6

When a reaction occurs the system goes in what direction

Answer 6

Direction of high chem potential to low until net potentials of products and reactanats balance

Question 7

Equi constant equation

Answer 7

K = [C]c[D]d / [A]a[B]b

Question 8

Le chateliers principle

Answer 8

When external change is made to a system the system responds to oppose the change. If OH is added to the left the equi will move to the right

3mols on the left and 2 mols on right, the forward reaction is favoured so equi moves right

More reactants the equi moves right
Moe products the equi moves left

Question 9

If T increases

Answer 9

Equi move in endo direction to produce heat

Question 10

If T decreases

Answer 10

Equi move in exo direction to release hear

Question 11

If P increases

Answer 11

Equi move to side which would reduce pressure = side with less mols

Question 12

If P decrease

Answer 12

Equi move to side which would increase pressure = side with more mols

Question 13

Gibbs using equi constant equation

Answer 13

△G = -RT ln(k)

Question 14

Van hoff equaiton

Answer 14

Derived from △G=-RTln(k) and △G= △H-T△S to give:

ln(k) = (△S/R) - (△H / RT)

Question 15

Molarity

Answer 15

Number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution

Question 16

Molality

Answer 16

Number of moles of solute in 1000 g of solvent

Question 17

Mole fraction

Answer 17

Number of moles of the solute divided by the total number of moles of the solute plus the solvent

Question 18

Raoults law

Answer 18

The parcel pressure of a substance in a liquid mix is proportional to its more fraction

Pn = XnPn*

Pi* is the vapour pressure of the pure substance

So first solution with two components it would be :

P = X1P1* + X2P2*

Question 19

What is vapour pressure?

Answer 19

Pressure exerted by vapour on the surface of a liquid at a given temperature

Question 20

Higher the temperature equals

Answer 20

The greater the vape pressure

Question 21

Lower the temperature equals

Answer 21

Lower the vapour pressure

Question 22

What is P^0
What is P1^0
What is P1

Answer 22

The vapour pressure of one liquid
The vapour pressure of pure liquid one
The partial vapour pressure of liquid one solution

Question 23

What is partial vapour pressure directly proportional to?

Answer 23

Mole Fraction

P1 ∝ X1

Question 24

How to calculate the mole fraction (X1)

Answer 24

Number of moles of liquid1 / (number of moles of liquid 1+2)

Question 25

Partial vapour pressure and constant K equation

Answer 25

P1 ∝ X1 Remove ∝ P1 = KX1 (equation 1)

Question 26

Raoults law versus Dalton law

Answer 26

Raoults tells us partial pressures where Dalton tells us total vapour pressure

Question 27

Molality equation

Answer 27

m = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent Capital M is molarity

Question 28

Colligative properties

Answer 28

Solution behaves differently to pure solvent as there are particles of solute to interfere with physical processes A solution will display certain colligative properties that depend only on the concentration of solute and not the chemical identity of the particles

Question 29

Adding solute to solvent will change the following

Answer 29

VP lower BP elevate FP depress

Question 30

Where do solid particles interfere?

Answer 30

Interfere with solvent activity at the boundary between gas and liquid phases Particles on the surface can go into the gas phase and determines the vapour pressure solute particles on the surface can prevent it so pressure decreases

Question 31

Hypotonic isotonic and hypotonic

Answer 31

Hypertonic is two arrows leaving the cell so shrivel Isotonic is one arrow entering and one arrow leaving so is perfect Hypotonic is two arrows entering so swells

Question 32

How to describe change

Answer 32

We compare the initial and final values △P = Pf - Pi

Question 33

Reaction rate equation

Answer 33

m = △C / △T

Question 34

Constant function and linear function equation

Answer 34

Y = b Y = mx+b

Question 35

What is a derivative?

Answer 35

A function that gives a slope at an X value i.e. F(X) = 8, the value on the graph will have a line that is straight at Y = 8 with a slope of zero

Question 36

Power rule of (d/dx) X^n

Answer 36

= nX ^ n-1 So (d/dx) X^3 = 3X^3-1 = 3X^2

Question 37

Constant multiple rule

Answer 37

d/dx [C x F(X)] = C x d/dx [F(X)] So d/dx (4X^7) = 4 x d/dx (X^7) = 4 x 7X^7-1 = 4 x 7X^6 = 28X^6

Question 38

What is d/dx [lnx]

Answer 38

1/x

Question 39

What is d/dx [lnx^3]

Answer 39

3/x

Question 40

What is d/dx [ln(x^2+4)]

Answer 40

2x / (x^2+4)

Question 41

What is integral of 4dx

Answer 41

bdx = bx+c 4dx = 4x+c

Question 42

What is integral of 5x dx

Answer 42

mx dx = 1/2 mx^2 +c 5x dx = 1/2 5x^2+c

Question 43

What is the vapour pressure of pure water?

Answer 43

760 torr