W7: Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards
(52 cards)
2 types of oxygen delivery systems
low-flow
high-flow
Low-flow oxygen delivery systems
Provide lower oxygen than the actual inspiratory flow (30 L/min-1)
Degree of dilution depends on inspiratory flows
High-flow oxygen delivery systems
provide higher oxygen flows and FiO2 is stable and is not affected by the patient’s type of breathing
Nasal Prongs
low flow oxygen
Should not exceed maximum oxygen flow of 4L/min
Simple face mask/Hudson mask
Delivers concentrations of 35-65% depending on patient’s respiratory rate and tidal volume
Should not be used at flow rates <5/6 L/min as rebreathing of CO2 may occur
Venturi Mask
suited for patients who require O2 concentrations between 24-50%
Which conditions cannot have high FiO2 and why
COPD and emphysema as it pushes them into type 2 respiratory failure
Non-rebreather mask/oxygen reservoir mask
delivers 90-100% O2
15L/min
precise method to deliver high concentrations of O2 for a short period
Oxygen delivery systems
Nasal prongs
Simple face mask/Hudson mask
Venturi mask
Non-rebreather mask/oxygen reservoir mask
How many puffs for manual ventilation
RR is 12-20 so one puff every 5s
Two types of ventilation therapy
Non-invasive: CPAP or BiPAP
Invasive: intubation
What is the aim of ventilation therapy?
provide positive pressure ventilation, which relates to gas flow along a pressure gradient between the upper airways and the alveoli
What does inspiratory pressure do
pressure support helps to get air in
- would increase if not enough oxygen is getting in
What is expiratory pressure
helps the air get out and PEEP doesn’t allow the lung to fully deflate
What is the difference between CPAP and BiPAP
CPAP is constantly blowing air into the lungs and the flow doesn’t change.
This is necessary for hypoxic patients as you need to get lots of oxygen in at a fast rate
Type 1 Respiratory patients
BiPAP has 2 pressures which allow you to breathe out as well.
Good for type 2 respiratory patients as they can blow off the CO2
When would you use CPAP
Type 1 respiratory patients
Hypoxic patients - need to get lots of oxygen in at a fast rate
When would you use BiPAP
Type 2 respiratory patients so they can blow off CO2
BiPAP
Assists both inspiratory and expiratory phases of breathing. It can actively assist respiration through augmentation of alveolar ventilation
Contraindications of manual hyperinflation
- Undrained pneumothorax
- Severe bronchospasm
- Head injury
- High PEEP
- decreased lung compliance
What is the range for PEEP
5-10 cmH2O
A high peak inspiratory pressure may indicate what?
increased airway resistance
decreased lung compliance
SIMV
This mode provides a set number of mandatory breaths with either a fixed tidal volume or inspiratory pressure. The patient can breathe spontaneously between these mandatory breaths, and the ventilator synchronizes with the patient’s effort
CMV
This mode does not allow spontaneous breathing from the patient. All breaths are controlled by the ventilator, delivering a preset tidal volume or pressure. This mode is generally used for sedated or paralyzed patients
PCV
In pressure control ventilation, a constant pressure is applied during inspiration, and the tidal volume varies depending on the patient’s lung compliance. Pressure support may be added to help the patient initiate breaths and decrease the work of breathing
