Walden

Question 1

Naegleria

Causes what condition

How is it contracted

Answer 1

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Swimming, diving in warm, stagnant fresh water ponds (hot tubs, pools)

Question 2

Naegleria

How do they enter body

Answer 2

Invade Nasal mucosa, pass through cribiform plate to olfactory nerve to brain and meninges

Question 3

Naegleria

Sx

Answer 3

Severe frontal headache

Change in sense of smell or taste

Neck rigidity

Somnolence

Loss of balance

Question 4

Naegleria

Progression of disease

Answer 4

Coma and die within 3 to 7 days

Question 5

Naegleria

Diagnosis

Answer 5

Microscopic: fresh, wet mount prep of CSF=>motile amoebae

Question 6

Acanthamoeba

Causes what disease

Answer 6

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

Chronic amebic keratitis

Question 7

Acanthamoeba

How does infection spread

Answer 7

Hematogenous spread from skin lesion or through eyes. Maybe inhalation

Question 8

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis

Association

Answer 8

Soft contact lenses

Corneal trauma

Question 9

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis

Sx

Answer 9

Ocular pain and corneal lesions

Question 10

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis: treatable

GAE: fatal

Answer 10

Asdf

Question 11

Balamuthia

Prognosis

Answer 11

100% with encephalitis die

Miltefosine is drug

Question 12

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Caused by

Answer 12

Filariasis nematode, onchocerca volvulus

Question 13

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Found where?

Answer 13

Africa, Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil

Question 14

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Transmitted by what?

Answer 14

Simulium flies (black fly)

Breed
In rapidly flowing streams
Dams, ferry crossings

Question 15

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

How infection occurs

Answer 15

Bite of female black fly

Larvae develop into adult worms coiled up in bundles (after a few months)

Creates nodules

Release microfilariae which disseminate (eye)

Question 16

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Sx

Answer 16

Inching (lizard skin)

Lymphadenitis (hanging groin)

Question 17

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Diagnosis

Answer 17

Microfilariae in skin snips (known as tenting)

Adult worms in nodules

Microfilaria in eye exam

Question 18

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Mazzotti teset

Answer 18

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) induces intense itching in patients with parasite

Question 19

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Tx

Answer 19

Surgically excising nodules

Ivermectin

Question 20

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Cornea inflammation

Answer 20

Actually due to wolbachia bacteria

Question 21

Filariasis

Endemic to

Answer 21

Latin America, Africa, Asia, pacific islands

Question 22

Filariasis

Transmission

Answer 22

Infected mosquitoes bite and transmit

Migrate through lymphatics and trapped in lymph nodes

Question 23

Filariasis

Types

Answer 23

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

Question 24

Filariasis

Immunologic reactions to worms cause…

Answer 24

Enlargement of legs, arms, genitalia and breasts

Question 25

Filariasis Mansonellosis

Answer 25

Symptomless

Question 26

Filariasis Sx

Answer 26

Req prolonged exposure Inflammatory early symptoms then obstructive Obstructive: tremendous enlargment of lymph glands Chyluria: lymph fluid and emulsified fat in urine. (Ruptured lymphatics)

Question 27

Filariasis Diagnosis

Answer 27

Microfilariae in blood (look at night) Mazzotti test (DEC)

Question 28

Filariasis Wuchereria bancrofti characteristic sign

Answer 28

Filariasis dance sign

Question 29

Filariasis Tx

Answer 29

Diethylcarbamazine | Don't use DEC in pts with onchocerciasis co infection

Question 30

Filariasis Prevention

Answer 30

Sleeping under permethrin nets and deet

Question 31

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa) Distribution

Answer 31

Chrysops flies in Africa (Congo)

Question 32

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa) Sx

Answer 32

Transient swellings, painful, intense itching (CALABAR SWELLINGS) Adult worm crossing eye can cause pain/conjunctivitis Encephalitis/seizures

Question 33

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa) Dx

Answer 33

Transient calabar swelling (Africa) Eye sx Microfilariae in peripheral blood during daytime! See eosinophilia

Question 34

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa) Tx

Answer 34

Surgical removal of worms from skin around eye Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Question 35

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Cool fact

Answer 35

Longest nematode | 100 cm

Question 36

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Route of infection

Answer 36

Ingestion of drinking water containing infected intermediate host, small crustacean copepods (cyclops) Step wells

Question 37

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Distribution

Answer 37

Africa (Sudan) Guinea-worm

Question 38

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Life cycle

Answer 38

Drinking water from step wells infested with crustaceans which are infected with dracunculus larvae Larvae penetrate intestine and migrate through subq tissues (legs). Female induces blister. Ruptures when hits water

Question 39

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Sx

Answer 39

Blister formation with redness, burning, and itching Cellulitis, septicemia

Question 40

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Dx

Answer 40

Seeing emerging worm protruding through skin of lower leg Dead, calcified worms on x ray

Question 41

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection) Tx

Answer 41

Roll on stick over several weeks

Question 42

Toxoplasmosis Host

Answer 42

Cats

Question 43

Toxoplasmosis Acquisition

Answer 43

Undercooked meat with cysts Ingestion of parasite oocysts from recalls contaminated hands or food Transfusion or transplant Transplacental

Question 44

Toxoplasmosis Ocular

Answer 44

Retinochoroiditis (inflammation of retina and choroid coat)

Question 45

Toxoplasmosis What causes acute and latent disease

Answer 45

Tachyzoite: replication causes acute Bradyzoite: cysts cause latency and reactivation

Question 46

Toxoplasmosis Aids

Answer 46

Intracerebral mass lesions (reactivation)